1. The biological species definition is reasonable for most species, but has limitations for those which ________.
reproduce sexually
are extinct and known only through the fossil record
belong to the Domain Eukarya
have a common ancestor 1 2 3 4 5

2. Which of the following is not an example of prezygotic isolating mechanisms?
behavioral isolation
ecological isolation
hybrid sterility
temporal isolation 1 2 3 4 5

3. sympatric allopatric parapatric geopatric
During ________ speciation, gene flow between two populations is prevented by a physical barrier such as an ocean or mountain range.
sympatric
allopatric
parapatric
geopatric 1 2 3 4 5

4. Polyploidy results when individuals ________.
inherit three or more set of chromosomes
mate with their parents or individuals belonging to their parents' generation
are produced from sexual reproduction involving three or more parents
adaptively radiate after locating an unoccupied habitat 1 2 3 4 5

5. In the punctuated model of speciation, new species ________.
evolve through the slow accumulation of modest morphological changes
evolve quickly within a series of repeated cycles with virtually no stability as a species
evolve quickly, then remain stable for long periods of time
emerge only as existing species change; the lineage shows no branching 1 2 3 4 5

6. The morphological differences between arrowhead plants growing on dry land and those growing in water are attributed to ________.
genetic differences between various subspecies
adaptive responses to different environments
reproductive isolation
genetic divergence 1 2 3 4 5

7. Speciation in the albatross probably involves some aspect of behavioral isolation because ________.
the albatross live and breed on remote islands in the Pacific and Antarctic Oceans
each bird reaches sexual maturity sometime between seven and nine years of age
a variety of food types exist within their natural range
the birds have very elaborate courtship displays that precede mating 1 2 3 4 5

8. An archipelago is ________.
an extinct flightless bird
a chain of islands located a significant distance from a continent
a member of the lineage that leads to the modern llama
one of the many endangered Hawaiian honeycreepers 1 2 3 4 5

9. Modern bread wheat has a complex genetic history including ________.
the hybridization between two wild diploid wheats about 11,000 years ago
a meiotic error resulting in a fertile polyploid offspring
the hybridization of a tetraploid plant with a wild diploid plant
the emergence of the alloploid called wild emmer about 8,000 years ago 1 2 3 4 5

10. The most recent divergence in plants is that giving rise to ________.
gymnosperms and angiosperms
flowering plants and ferns
bryophytes and embryophytes
euphyllophytes and lycophytes 1 2 3 4 5

11. Speciation can not occur until ________.
gene flow between natural populations ends
prezygotic barriers are overcome
a vacant archipelago is inhabited
at least 5% of the genes are changed through mutation 1 2 3 4 5

12. An example of temporal isolation in birds occurs when two populations ________.
live in different microenvironments
use different courtship songs and displays
breed at different times of the year
have molecular incompatibilities between their gametes 1 2 3 4 5

13. Geographical barriers may isolate some types of organisms but not others; a canyon would not be a serious barrier to ________.
an earthworm
a crawling insect
a rodent
a bird 1 2 3 4 5

14. In a typical cladogram, all the organisms to the right of a node ________.
all of the choices
share a common ancestor
constitute a monophyletic grouping
share more derived traits than those to the left of the node 1 2 3 4 5

15. The absence of ________ indicates that the ________ is more distantly related to mammals than the lungfish.
jaws, lamprey
hairs, turtle
lungs, turtle
a tail, gorilla 1 2 3 4 5

16. In a cladogram, each branch point corresponds to ________.
an extinct species within the lineage
a one-million-year time interval
the evolution of a derived trait that is present in all the descendants of that species
polyphyletic immigration events 1 2 3 4 5

17. the punctuated model of speciation
The macroevolutionary process termed "genetic disconnect" is synonymous with ________.
adaptive radiation
the punctuated model of speciation
the gradual model of speciation
extinction 1 2 3 4 5

18. Biologists suspect that modern bread wheat arose via ________ speciation.
sympatric
allopatric
parapatric
geopatric 1 2 3 4 5

19. Throughout the history of life on earth, events such as ________ have resulted in mass extinctions.
asteroid impacts
drifting continents
climatic change
all of the choices 1 2 3 4 5

20. Many biologists favor the three-domain system over the six-kingdom system because ________.
three groups represent a simpler organization than six
the six-kingdom approach lacked any consideration of phylogenetics
the three domains represent monophyletic groups
with three domains all single-celled organism can be grouped together 1 2 3 4 5