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Chapter 2: SETS
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A set is a collection of objects.
2.1 Set Concepts p. 45 Def: A set is a collection of objects. Elements or members are objects in the set. Symbol: means “is an element of” means “is not an element of” 3. A set is well-defined if its contents can be clearly determined. Example: The set of U.S. presidents. Non-example: The set of the three best movies.
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Note: Methods used to indicate a set.
Description- describes a set in words Roster form - lists the elements of a set inside braces {} Set-builder notation - uses words and symbols to show the condition(s) an element must meet to be a member of the set Examples 1-6
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Note: 1. A set is finite if it contains no elements or the number of elements is a natural number. (the set of students taking this class) 2. A set that is not finite is infinite. (the set of counting numbers)
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Def: Set A is equal to set B, symbolized A = B, if and only if set A and set B contain exactly the same elements. Ex: If set A = {1, 2, 3} and set B = {3, 1, 2}, then A = B. Def: The cardinal number of set A, symbolized n(A), is the number of elements in set A. Ex: Set A = {1, 2, 3} and set B = {England, Brazil, Japan} Def: Set A is equivalent to set B if and only if n(A) = n(B). Ex: D = {a, b, c} and E = {apple, orange, pear} Question: Are sets D and E equal?
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Note: Two sets that are equivalent can be placed in
one-to-one correspondence. (every element of one set can be matched with exactly one element of another set) Def: The set that contains no elements is the called the empty set or null set. Symbol: { } or Def: A universal set is a set that contains all the elements for any specific discussion. Symbol: U Example: U = {1, 2, 3, 4,…., 10}
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