1. Biology I
Chapter 17

2. Vocab #1-5
Cancer
Heat
Heart
Slow
Windpipe

3. #6-10
Breakdown
Center
Hundreth
Head
Tail

4. #11-15 & Bonuses Allopatric Meiosis Mitosis mRNA
Reproduce fertile offspring
Transcription
Translation

5. Vocab #41-50 #1-5
Brain
Neck
Claw
Chemical
Green

6. #6-10
Around
Cartilage
Color
Hollow
Time

7. #11-15 & Bonuses DNARNA Diffusion Grow Gametes Hydrogen RNAProtein
Uracil

8. Do Now
Examine the timeline below. Which of the following events best fits the missing information on the timeline?
A. evolution of first amphibians
B. evolution of first prokaryotes
C. evolution of first multicellular organisms
D. formation of an aerobic atmosphere

9. The leg of an iguana and the wing of a bird look different, but they have similar functions and likely evolved from the same distant ancestor.
Structures such as these are said to be _______.
A. heterogeneous
B. differentiated
C. vestigial
D. homologous

10. Biodiversity Crash Course-Anatomy
Biodiversity-the variety of organisms considered at all levels from populations to ecosystems.
Taxonomy-The science of classifying living things

11. The Linnaean System
Carolus Linnaeus-developed the system of classifying organisms by assigning them a genus and species name
Gave organisms a Genus species Latin name.

12. Levels of Classification
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

13. Felis
catus
Species
Felis
Genus
Felidae
Family
Carnivora
Order
Mammalia
Class
Chordata
Phylum
Animalia
Kingdom
Eukarya
Domain

14. Levels of Classification
The lowest hierarchy level in biological classification is the
species.
The highest hierarchy level in biological classification is the
Domain.

15. Levels of Classification
Least inclusive
Species
Most inclusive
Domain

16. Levels of Classification
Organisms in different genera
may share the second word of their scientific names.
may be in the same family.
may be in different orders.

17. Levels of Classification
Today, biologists classify organisms by their
behavioral similarities
physical similarities
chemical similarities

18. Do Now
In 2 lines, explain why it was necessary to make a universal classification system of organisms.

19. Nearly all mammals have seven cervical (neck) vertebrae
Nearly all mammals have seven cervical (neck) vertebrae. This fact implies that
A. all animals can turn their heads the same amount.
B. predators prefer to eat animals with either six or eight cervical vertebrae.
C. all mammals have to stretch their necks to obtain food.
D. all mammals descended from a common ancestor.

20. What does it mean to say that two different species of organisms are closely related?
A. They have a common evolutionary ancestor.
B. They have the same preferences in diet.
C. They have the same parents.
D. They live in the same habitat.

21. Systematics
Systematics-to classify organisms in terms of their natural relationships
Used in systematic taxonomy to classify organisms
Patterns of embryological development
Homologous features
Amino acid sequences of proteins

22. Phylogenetics Phylogeny-the evolutionary history of a species
Phylogenetic Tree-presumed evolutionary relationships based on a variety of types of evidence.

23. Figure 15.7B Felis catus (domestic cat) Lutra lutra (European otter)
Mephitis
mephitis
(striped skunk)
Canis
familiaris
(domestic dog)
Canis
lupus
(wolf)
Species
Genus
Felis
Mephitis
Lutra
Canis
Family
Felidae
Mustelidae
Canidae
Order
Carnivora
Figure 15.7B

24. Cladistics
Cladistics-a system of phylogenetic analysis that uses shared and derived characters as the only criteria for grouping taxa
Shared character-a feature that all members of a group have in common
Derived character-a feature that evolved only within the group under consideration
Cladogram-a phylogenetic diagram

25. Cladistics

26. SABER TOOTH TIGER PRESENT DAY TIGER
The skeletons of a saber tooth tiger and a present-day tiger are shown above. Which of the following is a structural difference between the saber tooth and the present-day tiger?
A. size of scapulae
B. shape and size of skull
C. size of teeth
D. all of these

27. The study of structural differences and similarities among living things is called _______.
A. neurology
B. comparative biochemistry
C. comparative anatomy
D. embryology

28. Three Domain Classification System
Carl Woese proposed the three-domain system of classification based on the examination of ribosomal RNA.

29. Three Domain Classification System
The three domain system of classification is based on similarities and differences in :
Ribosomal RNA
Embryological development
Fossils
Physical features
Various molecular structures

30. Classification Domain Kingdom Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Unicellular or Multicellular
Autotroph, Heterotroph, or Both
Miscellaneous

31. Archaea Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaebacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular
Both
Use hydrogen to produce methane

32. Bacteria Domain Bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular
Both
Contains fatty acids

33. Protists Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista Eukaryotic Unicellular Both
Lack tissue organization; any eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi

34. Fungi Domain Eukarya Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotic
Multicellular (Some Unicellular)
Heterotrophic (absorbs food)
Breaks down organic matter, which it then absorbs

35. Plantae Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotic Multicellular
Autotrophic
Cell wall made of cellulose

36. Animalia Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular
Heterotrophic (ingests food)
Movement

37. The figure above shows the progression of embryonic stages of four species of invertebrates. Which of the following species are most closely related by evolution?
A. Species A and Species D
B. Species A and Species B
C. Species C and Species D
D. Species B and Species C

38. Look at the organisms in the image above
Look at the organisms in the image above. Which of the following organisms are most closely related evolutionarily?
A. fish and clam
B. fish and starfish
C. starfish and sand dollar
D. crab and starfish