1. Classification of Organisms

2. Classification of Living Things
On an odd page answer the questions below
List how you could classify the organisms to the right.
How get around, food they eat, bones, color
In science how do you think organisms are classified or grouped?
Shared characteristics
Write the sentence stem below and try to answer.
The more classification levels organisms share the more similar and more closely related the animals are.
Write the levels of classification below.
Domain – Kingdom- Phylum – Class- Order – Family – Genus- Species

3. Classification of Living Things
Write on odd page in notebook
Why do scientist have a scientific name for organisms instead of using common names?
Scientist use scientific names instead of a common name because people call animals all different names.
What is the difference between today’s classification of living things from Carl Linnaeus's time?
The different between today’s classification systems and Linnaeus's in the past is today we use DNA to classify organism, whereas Linnaeus used organisms appear and characteristics to classify.

4. Domain Do
Kingdom
Kids
Phylum
Prefer
Class
Candy
Order
Over
Family
Fried
Genus
Green
Species
Spinach

5. Eukarya Bacteria Archaea Live in harsh environments Cells
Some can be unicellular but mostly multicellular organisms
Membrane bound organelles
DNA found in nucleus
4 Kingdoms under Eukarya – plantae, Animalia, Protista, and fungi
Live in harsh environments
Made up of different chemicals than bacteria
Hot springs , volcanoes, really salty water
Cells
Membrane
DNA
DNA found free floating in cell
Membrane coated with peptidoglycan
Found in almost all places on Earth
Can cause disease and illness
Can be helpful in digestion
Unicellular
Archaea
Bacteria

6. Lesson Launcher 3/28
Draw the T-chart below on a page where you wrote classification of living things or the Venn-Diagram from yesterday.
Prokaryote
Both
Eukaryote
DNA free floating in cell
Bacteria
No membrane bound organelles
DNA shape – circular
Domain Bacteria
Cell membrane
DNA – genetic material
Ribosomes
DNA in nucleus
4 Kingdoms – Fungi , Plantae , Animalia, and Protista
Membrane bound organelles
DNA shape – double helix and linear
Domain Eukarya

7. 4 Kingdoms Plant Animal Fungi Protista All are autotrophs
Found mostly on land
All multicellular
All are multicellular
All heterotrophs
Different adaptations
Live in very diverse environments
Mostly multicellular
All are heterotrophs
Decomposers – feed by absorbing nutrients from dead or decaying organisms
Ex: mushrooms, mold, and mildew
Odds and ends kingdom
Autotrophs and heterotrophs
most unicellular

8. Station 1: Nature of Science
Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent or liquid. The chart to the right shows how much 10grams of substance X will dissolve at different temperatures.
1. What is the independent and dependent variable in this experiment?
Independent Variable : Temperature
Dependent Variable : Solubility
2. List 3 constants for this experiment.
10 grams of substance X
Same lab conditions
The lab plates have to keep the consistent test temperature.
Amount of liquid
3. Which of the charts below represent the data in the table?
Temperature (Celsius)
Solubility 5
5.0g 15
4.5g 25
4.0g 35
3.5g

9. Station 1: Nature of Science
Bond
Atom (bond) Atom
Bond Enthalpy (joules)
Carbon - Hydrogen
413
Hydrogen – Hydrogen
436
Oxygen – Hydrogen
463
Carbon - Carbon
348
The chart to the right list four types of bonds and their bond enthalpy. Bond enthalpy is the amount of energy needed to break the bond of two atoms. A bond’s enthalpy is determined by a couple of factors, one being the amount of valence elections of an atom. The more valence or unpaired elections an atom has the easier it is to break a bond with that atom and another atom. 4. Why does the oxygen and hydrogen bond have the highest enthalpy bond amount? Because they have the lowest number of valence electrons 5. A chemist was given an unknown substance and used a bond enthalpy test to determine the substance. The substances bond enthalpy was 438 joules. What bonds made up this substance? Hydrogen-Hydrogen 6. The element fluorine has 7 valence electrons. Which bond would have the highest bond enthalpy amount fluorine- carbon or fluorine- hydrogen and why? The fluorine-hydrogen bond would have the highest enthalpy because the hydrogen- hydrogen bond has a higher bond enthalpy than the carbon-carbon bond.

10. Station 2: Cells and Functions page 98- 123
7. What is the pattern in the levels of organization? The lower levels of organization make up the larger levels. 8. List the following levels from smallest to largest: atom, tissue, organelle, organism, electron, cell Electrons – atoms – organelle- cell- tissue - organism 9. Describe the main idea of the cell theory. The cell theory describes that cells are the smallest unit of life and make up all organisms. 10. How do cells get energy? What is the difference between plant and animal cells? Cells get energy from the food they eat or photosynthesis. Plant cells make glucose by photosynthesis and animals get their glucose from the food they eat. 11. Humans do not undergo photosynthesis but how do we still benefit from the process of photosynthesis? Humans breath the oxygen that is release from photosynthesis. 12. What is the importance of the chloroplast and mitochondria? The chloroplast undergoes photosynthesis in plant cells , while the mitochondria undergoes cellular respiration in plant and animal cells. 13. How does the cytoplasm function in a cell? The cytoplasm is the gel like structure that holds the organelles together in the cell.

11. Station 3: Heredity pages 124-131 and 387-413
14. What is the shape of DNA and what are the 4 nitrogen bases that make up DNA? Double helix and adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine Use the alleles B for black fur and b for white fur to complete a Punnett square and questions. 15.What is the probability of an offspring being homozygous dominant or a hybrid with parents that are dominant purebred and recessive purebred. Homozygous dominant 0% and Hybrid 100% 16. Why is the probability of an offspring having white fur with one hybrid parent and the other homozygous dominant 0%? Draw a Punnett square with the 4 possibilities and explain. The white fur gene is recessive and will only show if both alleles present in the offspring are recessive, bb. There are not bb genotype possibilities. 17. The three stages of The Cell cycle are Interphase, Mitosis or Meiosis and Cytokinesis. Describe the function of these phases. Interphase – The cell gets ready for mitosis or meiosis Mitosis- Asexual re production – the cell makes 2 identical cells Meiosis – Sexual reproduction – the cell makes 4 cells with half the genetic information Cytokinesis- The cytoplasm of the cells divides into two cells 18. Why does meiosis divide twice? The cells in meiosis has to divide twice to create 4 cells with half the genetic material.

12. Station 4
18. A food web is considered a model of the interactions of organisms in an ecosystem. It is a very useful tool for scientist to use in understanding an ecosystem but it is also limiting. In what ways is a food web limiting in its representation of an ecosystem? (page 465)
A food web doesn’t show all the interactions of the ecosystem’s organisms, it doesn’t show the habitat the organisms live in, it doesn’t show temperature, or shelter the organisms use.
19. How does the shape of an energy pyramid alert or hint someone to the flow of energy between producers and the different level consumers?
The pyramid starts very large on the bottom and this is where the most energy is located. At the top of the pyramid is the least amount of energy and the smallest section of the pyramid.
20. What is the difference between parasitism and predation?
Parasites mostly do not kill their host because they rely on the host for nourishment. Predation is the act of a predator eating their prey. Example: Lion and zebra
21. Why is an omnivore considered a secondary consumer and not a primary consumer?
An omnivore eats both plants and animals. It cant be a primary consumer because primary consumers only eat plants.
22. Describe the limiting factors of a desert.
Water, shelter, temperature

13. Station 5
23. How do scientist use genes to prove evolution of organisms?
Scientist compare the DNA sequences of organisms and use them to prove how closely related the organisms are. If two organisms share a common ancestor then they will have more genes that are similar to one another.
24. What is the relationship between natural selection and evolution?
Natural Selection drives evolution. Natural selection is the fittest survive and pass on their traits, while evolution is the changing of species into others.
25. How do scientist tell if organisms are two different species?
The organisms have to have been isolated from one another and can not reproduction and have healthy offspring.
26. Describe the relationship between biodiversity and extinction. Explain.
The more biodiverse an area is the least likely the organism will go extinct.
27. What two organisms are more closely related: M, O, S, and T?
28. How does the diagram prove the statement that “Evolution does not always result in a species that will survive to present time.”?
Not all species can adapt or survive in a changing environment and will die out.

14. 27. What two organisms are more closely related: M, O, S, and T?

15. Station 6: Classification – Write on a new odd page – Pages 327-333
29. Define Classification, taxonomy, binominal nomenclature, and genus Classifications – grouping of organisms using similar characteristics Taxonomy – study of the classification of organisms Binominal nomenclature – two part naming system for organisms Genus – the second most specific level of classification 30. Who was Carl Linnaeus? First person to classify organism 31. What are the 3 parts to writing a scientific name? Genus is capitalized , species is lower cased, and the entire name is italicized 32. The number of organisms decrease as you move down classification levels because the more similar the organisms are to one another.