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Classification.

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Presentation on theme: "Classification."— Presentation transcript:

1 Classification

2 Classification What is Classification?
Grouping things in a logical manor where similar things are grouped together. Where do you see classification in your own life? Ex. Music- Genre, Artist, Album, Song

3 Why Classify? Scientists need an effective system to study and name the nearly 1.9 million known species. (~8.7 million species believed to exist on Earth!) To insure that all scientists know what species is being talked about. What is this? Panther Mountain Lion Cougar Puma concolor

4 Taxonomy Taxonomy is the science of classifying and giving a scientific name to living organisms. Binomial Nomenclature Two name system for naming species. Consists of Genus name and species name, usually of Latin or Greek origin. Written in Italics with the Genus always capitalized and the species always lowercase. Ex. Canis familiaris

5 Taxonomy This system was created by Carl Linnaeus or Carolus linnaeus
Seven taxonomic levels each called a taxon. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghet ti

6 Eukarya (has a nucleus within its cells)
Classification of Ursus arctos Domain Eukarya (has a nucleus within its cells) What level of classification is broader than kingdom? Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae Species name is most specific! GENUS Ursus SPECIES Ursus arctos

7 Chapter 9 Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals
Which can be Protists Fungi Plants Animals

8 Traditional Classification
What were early classifications based on? (Think of your leaves) Similarities in Physical Appearance Size Shape Texture Features- limbs, spinal chord, skeleton, etc. Known as Traditional Classification.

9 Traditional Classification
Why would thins not be the most accurate method of classification? Convergent Evolution When organisms that are not closely related, evolve similar traits or characteristics in response to similar environments.

10 Traditional Classification

11 Cladistic Analysis Focuses on the order in which derived characteristics appeared. Cladogram- diagram that depict the relationships between different groups of taxa.

12 Cladistic Analysis Barnacles, Limpets, and Crabs
Which do you think are closer related?

13 Evolutionary Classification
Grouping organisms based on their evolutionary history in DNA. All organisms use DNA and RNA to pass on genetic information. Similar genes are evidence of common ancestry.

14 Evolutionary Classification
African Vulture American Vulture Stork

15 Kingdoms Originally there were only two kingdoms
Today there are six kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

16 Prokaryotic Organisms
What do you know about prokaryotic organisms? No nucleus No organelles Unicellular Contain free floating DNA Kingdoms: Archaebacteria Eubacteria

17 Eukaryotic Organisms What do you know about eukaryotic organisms?
Have a nucleus Contain organelles Unicellular or Multicellular Contain DNA in the nucleus Kingdoms: Protists Fungi Plants Animals

18 DNA Nucleus with DNA

19 Archaebacteria What are some characteristics of archaebacteria?
Prokaryote Have a cell walls which do not contain peptidoglycan and some use flagella for movement Unicellular Autotrophic or heterotrophic Asexual Example : Methanogens and Halophiles Live in very extreme environments Only recently recognized as a separate bacteria kingdom Can be helpful & harmful

20 Archaebacteria

21 Eubacteria What are some characteristics of eubacteria? Prokaryote
Have cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan and some use flagella for movement Unicellular Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Asexual Example: E-coli & Streptococcus Can be helpful & harmful Largest of the two bacteria kingdoms & can live almost anywhere

22 Eubacteria

23 Protista Eukaryote Nucleus and many other organelles
Most unicellular or some multicellular Autotrophs or heterotrophs Most reproduce asexually, some sexually Example: Paramecium, Amoeba, Algae Very diverse kingdom The “Junk Drawer”

24 Protista

25 Fungi Eukaryote Nucleus and many organelles; cell walls of chitin
Multicellular (except yeast) All Heterotrophs– they get their nutrients form dead matter. Can reproduce asexually with spores or sexually Examples: Mushrooms, Mold, Lichens Important decomposers Nature’s Recyclers

26 Fungi

27 Plantae Eukaryote Nucleus and many organelles, cell walls of cellulose
All Multicellular All are Photosynthetic Autotrophs Reproduce sexually with pollen or asexually Example: Trees, Grass, Ferns Oxygen producers

28 Plantae

29 Animalia Eukaryote Nucleus and many organelles, do not have cell walls
All Multicellular All Heterotrophs Reproduce sexually or asexually Examples: Insects, Fish, Humans

30 Animalia

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