1. Classification: Sorting it All Out
Chapter 9, Section 1

2. What are the different ways humans classify things?
library books
department-store
merchandise
addresses

3. What is Classification?
Classification – the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities
Why do we classify organisms?
There are millions of different organisms in the world
Classifying things makes it easier to find answers to:
How many species are there?
What are the characteristics of each species?
What are the relationships between species?

5. Kingdoms
The largest most general group

6. The 6 Kingdoms
Plant
Animal
Fungi
Protist
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria

7. Phyla(several) Phylum(one)
The level of classification after kingdom, the organisms from all kingdoms are sorted into several phyla

9. Classes
The level of classification after phylum; the organisms in all phyla are sorted into classes

10. Classes in Phyla Chordata

11. Orders
The level of classification after class; the organisms in all the classes are sorted into orders

12. Reptilia Orders

13. Families
The level of classification after order; the organisms in all orders are sorted into families

15. Genus
The level of classification after family; the organisms in all families are sorted into genera

16. Canis Genus

17. Species
The most specific of the 7 levels of classification; characterized by a group of organisms that can mate with one another to produce fertile offspring

18. Mnemonic device – a learning technique that aids memory.
The following is a mneomic device. It’s a sentence that is easy to remember – each word of the sentence begins with the same letter as each of the 7 levels of classification (in the correct order)
Kings Play Chess On Fine-Grained Sand.

19. Kings Kingdom Play Phylum Chess Class On Order Fine Family Grained Genus Sand Species

20. Where did classification come from?
Carolus Linnaeus – swedish physician and botanist in the 1700’s
Founded Taxonomy
Taxonomy – the science of identifying, classifying and naming living things
Linnaeus attempted to classify all known organisms by their shared characteristics

21. Naming Names
By classifying organisms scientists were able to give them scientific names
Organisms can have scientific names or common names
Common names change in different languages
What is a cat called in German? - katze
What is a cat called in Spanish? - gato
The scientific name for a cat is the same in all countries.
Felis domesticus

22. Naming Names Scientific names are in Latin or Greek
Scientific name = Genus + species
Examples: Felis domesticus = cat
Elephas maximus = elephant
The genus can be abbreviated:
F. domesticus = cat
E. maximus = elephant

23. Dichotomous Keys
Dichotomous Key – an aid to identifying unknown organisms that consists of several pairs of descriptive statements; of each pair of statements, only 1 will apply to the unknown organism, and that statement will lead to another set of statements, and so on, until the unknown organism can be identified

24. 6 Kingdoms Chapter 9, Section 2

25. Archaebacteria bacteria Where most organisms cannot survive
Example Hot springs
Prokaryotic

26. Eubacteria Most other types of bacteria Live everywhere Prokaryotic
Soil
Water
Inside the human body
Prokaryotic

27. Monera
Sometime Archaebacteria and Eubacteria kingdoms are grouped together into 1 Kingdom – 5 kingdom classification system
One celled
No separate nucleus - prokaryotic
Example: bacteria

29. Protista Most one celled
Have nucleus and other cell structures - Eukaryotic
Examples: algae, amoeba

30. Fungi Many celled - Eukaryotic Cannot move
Like plants, but do not go through photosynthesis
Absorb nutrients from other organisms
Examples: mushrooms, yeast, molds

31. Plantae Many-celled - Eukaryotic Cannot move Go through photosynthesis
Examples: trees, flowers, ferns

32. Animalia Many-celled (lack cell walls) - Eukaryotic Most can move
Get energy by consuming other organisms
Examples: invertebrates, fish, birds, mammals

33. Which is a picture of a Plant?

34. Which is a picture of a Protist?

35. Which is a picture of an Animal?

36. Which is a picture of a Moneran?

37. Which is a picture of a Fungus?