1. WASH Enabling Environment Sector Coordination
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Instructions for group work
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2. Outline
Learning Objectives
Purpose
Context
Activities
Group Work
Sector Coordination: Humanitarian & Development Contexts
WASH EE Support process
Scoring

3. By the end of this session you will be able to
Learning Objectives
By the end of this session you will be able to
Explain the importance of sector coordination as a function of the WASH EE
Describe the framework for supporting sector coordination efforts
Identify actions and steps to strengthen sector coordination in support of WASH EE
Notes to Facilitator:
For this module we will
Describe the importance of the function to support the enabling environment
Be able to assess and identify sector coordination needs across WASH sub- sectors
Identify actions and steps UNICEF project officers can take to strengthen the enabling environment
Ask the participants: Are there any concerns or questions about the learning objectives for this module?

4. Purpose ASK PARTICIPANTS:
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF SECTOR COORDINATION?
Sector coordination establishes the bases for improving stakeholder collaboration and sets the ground for a shared vision of the sector including roles, responsibilities and challenges ahead.
WHAT IS THE OUTCOME OF SECTOR COORDINATION?
All stakeholders work to one government plan and report using the same system, under the aegis of an effective responsible institution(s)/coordinating body
WHAT ARE THE INDICATORS TO MEASURE SECTOR COORDINATION?
Presence of a coordination body
Well-functioning coordinating body
Existence of one government-led plan
Implementation/progress against plan by all stakeholders (shared vision)
WHAT ARE THE KEY PRINCPLES OF COORDINATION?
Set the ground for a shared vision of the situation of the sector, roles and responsibilities, and challenges ahead
Are inclusive, consistent, and anchored with national ownership
Requires public, private, and NGO sector engagement
Engages communities and local governments
There are different coordination approaches, but all have elements of dialogue, communication, and finding mutual interest
Coordination requires clarification of roles and responsibilities. Coordination requires not only intra- sector but also inter-sector coordination.
To be effective, these processes need to be inclusive, consistent, and anchored with national ownership. Coordination is needed at all levels among public, private, and NGO sectors and between communities and local governments.
DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCE between WASH sector coordination for development and WASH cluster coordination for humanitarian response.

5. Context: WASH EE Framework
Ask participants:
WHAT ARE THE EXPECTED OUTCOMES OF BUDGETING AND FINANCING?
Financial flows are adequate and predictable and meet national targets.
The WASH sector is able to attract different sources of funding.
WHAT INDICATORS CAN BE USED TO MEASURE BUDGETING AND FINANCING?
Budgeting
Budgetary allocations include enough funds to support to the delivery of services.
Budgetary allocations include enough funds to cover capital expenditures to meet national water sector investment targets.
The budget is adequate and disaggregated between each of the subsectors (rural, urban, water, sanitation).
The budget and expenditure are publicly available.
Financing
Financial flows are predictable.
Financial needs for sector operations are known
Amount of funding available from taxes, tariffs and transfers to fund sectoral operations are known
Existence of legal and institutional frameworks for financial transactions to take place;
Public allocations to water and sanitation as % GDP
Existence of financing institutions

6. Context: WASH EE Theory of Change
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7. Activities Support evidence based decision making
Have External Support Agencies (ESAs) make long-term commitments, and build national ownership
Provide technical support for preparing sector report
Finance in-depth studies (e.g., financial viability, sustainability of water services, etc.)
Include private sector in CSO
Support government to strengthen humanitarian WASH coordination platform
Partner with media, parliamentarians, social commentators to advance social thinking and social norms
Involve private sector in tracking

8. What activities will promote coordination?
Group Work
What activities will promote coordination?
How will this be different if…
Subsectors are fragmented and some are stronger than others?
When there is a change in government leaving previous coordination efforts in limbo?
Answer to Question 1
Support processes taking evidence shown in sector reports to specific decisions/modifications of sector plans. External Support Agencies (ESAs) should commit to the long-term process to build national ownership, including supporting periodic review meetings.
Provide initial technical support, especially for preparing the first sector reports. Finance in-depth studies (e.g., financial viability, sustainability of water services, etc.). Include the private sector in CSO.
Support governments to strengthen humanitarian WASH coordination platform
Develop partnerships with media, parliamentarians, social commentators to advance the of impact of social thinking and social norms
Develop collaboration and agreements with the private for sector tracking
Mongolia Example on Coordination
Context
Sanitation is under the Ministry of Construction
Water falls under Ministry of Environment
Hygiene is role of Ministry of Health
National committee on Water and Sanitation
Separate committee on water supply very strong
Separate committee on sanitation is much weaker
National water committee falls under the prime minister’s office. Have good laws and monitoring systems.
When committees are combined, the water supply partners are much stronger and more dominant…
Want to engage Ministry of Health to engage on sanitation and hygiene.
Now have a Law on Hygiene rather than on sanitation because it MOH is responsible for hygiene
Coordination difficult in practice, because whenever there is a new government, then things have to start over because all the people change and you have to re-educate them.

9. Sector Coordination in the Context of Humanitarian Assistance
Discuss how coordination would be different for increasing WASH EE coverage & improve WASH services different in a humanitarian context from a development context?
Would coordination in that context be the same in rural/urban settings?
The information below provides some examples of coordination during humanitarian actions.
In 2013, UNICEF, as Cluster Lead Agency and Strategic Advisory Group member of the Global WASH Cluster, helped shape the global WASH landscape during humanitarian actions. UNICEF WASH expertise and field presence resulted in effective leadership and a co-leadership role of the WASH sector/ cluster in 65 countries for humanitarian preparedness and response. For example, UNICEF co-led the WASH cluster with the Government of the Philippines after Super Typhoon Haiyan, and together with UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) continued to lead WASH sector/cluster response to the Syria crisis. UNICEF also leads the cluster in CAR and South Sudan humanitarian crises. UNICEF WASH strengthened partnerships in 2013 by facilitating coordinated action through the WASH cluster Rapid Response Team, Rapid Assessment Team and Regional Cluster Advisors.
UNICEF WASH teams with the support of the Global WASH Cluster Support and Advocacy Team (CAST) have assisted countries to make the transition from WASH cluster fora and coordination capacity into existing government-led national WASH sector coordination platforms.
Strengthening National Humanitarian WASH Coordination (NHWC)
Purpose: To support countries that have adopted the cluster approach to gradually and progressively transition WASH cluster coordination to national WASH humanitarian coordination mechanisms, and to build the capacity of national governments to deliver effective WASH humanitarian coordination, preparedness and response.
Expected result: Government coordinates, prepares and responds appropriately and in a timely manner to all emergencies with little or no external support, providing humanitarian WASH services to all affected populations, especially children and women.

10. National Humanitarian WASH Coordination (NHWC)
Use the 10 Determinants of the methodological process (and their supplementary list of issues) as a basis for assessment and monitoring
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11. National Humanitarian WASH Coordination (NHWC)
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12. National Humanitarian WASH Coordination (NHWC)
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13. WASH EE Support Process
As we have seen, this graphic provides an overview of the steps in the WASH EE Support process.
The dotted circles represent the overlap of this process with the UNICEF program cycle.

14. Support Process Step 1: Agree
Identify and map the players (government, donor, NGO, others)
Central stakeholders
Peripheral stakeholders
Ethiopia’s Ministries of Education, Health and Water resources signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to enhance multi-sectoral coordination. The purpose of this MOU is to get the main partners of WASH sector involved in joint planning, implementation and monitoring of water supply, sanitation and hygiene education (WASH) in communities, schools and health institutions.

15. Support Process Step 2: Assess
Determine what coordination mechanisms already exist

16. Support Process Step 3: Plan
List ways / mechanisms these different stakeholders can coordinate together

17. Support Process Step 4: Invest
Determine how UNICEF will invest in this coordination effort

18. Support Process Step 5: Implement
Identify challenges and potential solutions to joint coordination/planning and potential solutions

19. Support Process Step 6: Monitor & Evaluate
What would you measure to determine whether coordination is operational and effective?
How would the country measure it?
What will the country do with the information?
Harmonize WASH indicators with international monitoring
Build upon reporting mechanisms established to report on OWNP
Standardize databases and link to national level databases
Link water resources monitoring (groundwater monitoring, catchment protection) to WASH monitoring
Draw upon global capacities (JMP, TrackFin, GLAAS, GEMI and SWA) to strengthen monitoring

20. Scoring Country Indicator Notes Papua New Guinea
Government has a programmatic sector-wide approach to urban and rural WASH, with donors harmonized and supporting implementation of a national plan
With the intention for improved stakeholder collaboration and harmonization of efforts towards a shared vision, WASH PMU, headed by a national WASH Coordinator being set up. It will transition into the national WASH Authority (NWASHA) but at the moment, there is no coordinated and programmatic sector wide approach for both urban and rural areas.
Lao PDR
The coordination mechanism needs to be formalized and institutionalized. There is a WASH TWG but still Information sharing and learning forum of which most of the WASH activities are under various working groups. The 1st Joint Sector Review with UNICEF support conducted in 2015, has brought together concerned stakeholders working in urban and rural WASH to discuss key indicators for monitoring which has paved a road to institutionalize sector coordination. New Water Supply Department recently established under MPWT will be crucial for sector coordination.
Weak / Gaps
Moderate
Progress
Good
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Vietnam
Government has a programmatic sector-wide approach to urban and rural water and sanitation and hygiene, with donors harmonized and supporting implementation of a national plan
Sector coordination mechanisms are led by coordinating ministry MARD - well represented by development partners. Reasonable progress in donor harmonization, not many donors though! However, the national target plans (NTPs) were poorly planned and funded - appropriateness of technologies and sustainable management of services continues to pose challenge. 20

21. For more information, please contact
David Tsetse, Ph.D.
WASH Specialist, Planning Monitoring and Capacity Building Programme Division
Tel:
© United Nations Children’s Fund
June 2016
Cover photo © UNICEF