Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Which of these elements is the greatest unifying and most destructive in the development of nationalism? Why?

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "Which of these elements is the greatest unifying and most destructive in the development of nationalism? Why?"— Presentation transcript:

1

2

3 Which of these elements is the greatest unifying and most destructive in the development of nationalism? Why?

4

5 Chapter 10.1 Italian Unification
Main Idea In the 1800s, Italian states rebelled against Austria and unified as the Kingdom of Italy.

6 Cause #1 Nationalism Italian Peninsula had not been unified since fall of Roman Empire 500 A.D. Most spoke same language Each with own government Napoleon invaded Italy 1. United many states under one government 2. Unification did not last 3. After Napoleon’s defeat, Congress of Vienna split Italian states

7 CAUSE #2- Congress of Vienna
Congress of Vienna tried to maintain old Europe, old relationships 1800s, Spirit of nationalism began to rise through Europe Due to bad decisions made at Congress of Vienna C of V ignored national groups, placing them under control of large empires some empires included different ethnic groups CAUSE #3- Foreign Rule Italians split into three groups northern Italy under Austrian rule, other states under Hapsburgs still others under a French ruler Italian nationalism grew in opposition to these conditions

8 Major Event #1- Mazzini and Young Italy
Italian artists, writers, thinkers became interested in celebrating Italy’s cultural traditions Others formed secret societies to work for political change, plotted to overthrow Austrian government in Italy Secret Societies 1831, Giuseppe Mazzini, launched nationalist group called Young Italy to fight for unification of Italian states Mazzini had been exiled but smuggled patriotic pamphlets into Italy Young Italy attracted tens of thousands of Italians to cause of unification Young Italy

9 The Path Toward Unity ME # 2- Revolutions Cavour and Sardinia
As Italian nationalism grew, some Italians led unsuccessful rebellions. Then two men rose to lead a successful movement to unify Italy. 1848, Revolutions spread in Europe Italy,France, Germany, Denmark, Austria-Hungary, Netherlands In some Italian states, citizens rebelled against Austrian rule 1. Piedmont declared war against Austria, fought for year, was defeated 2. Others seized Rome, 1849; French troops helped pope regain control ME # 2- Revolutions Only successful revolt was in Sardinia Rulers forced to grant new constitution; Sardinia remained independent Camillo di Cavour emerged as important leaders of Italian unification Founded nationalist newspaper, Il Risorgimento—“resurgence” or “rebirth” Cavour and Sardinia

10

11

12 MAJOR EVENT #3 France’s Support
Sardinia and Italy Kingdom of Sardinia 1852, Cavour became prime minister of independent Kingdom of Sardinia Worked to rebuild economy in Sardinia Supported France in war with Russia Gave France provinces of Savoy, Nice MAJOR EVENT #3 France’s Support France agreed to support Sardinia in war against Austria 1860, northern Italian states liberated from control of Austrian Empire

13 MAJOR EVENT #4 Garibaldi and the Red Shirts
Sword of Italy Many Italians consider Cavour “brain” of Italian unification, Mazzini “heart” Giuseppe Garibaldi has been called “sword” of Italy Garibaldi joined Young Italy movement, 1833 Exile Nationalist activities forced Garibaldi to flee Italy twice Learned techniques of guerilla warfare while living in South America Returned to Italy often to continue fight to free Italy from Austrian domination Return 1854, Garibaldi returned for good Cavour asked to lead part of Sardinian army in war against Austria After bitter fighting, Austrians agreed to give up Lombardy, retaining Venetia

14 Control and Elections The Red Shirts Unification ME #5
Followers known as Red Shirts because of colorful uniforms By 1860, using guerilla warfare, Garibaldi, Red Shirts gained control of Island of Sicily Naples Red Shirts now controlled southern part Italian peninsula Garibaldi offered Kingdom of Two Sicilies to Sardinian king Victor Emmanuel The Red Shirts 1861, territories held elections, most agreed to unification Venetia, still belonging to Austria Papal States, under French troops supporting pope 1866, Prussia defeated Austria, gave Venetia to Italy 1870, Prussia forced French to withdraw from Rome 1871 Italian completed unification under King Victor Emmanuel Unification ME #5

15

16 POSITIVE EFFECTS Industrialization- particularly in north
Passed reforms including laws limiting work hours prohibiting child labor Government Infrastructure building transportation water systems to improve cities, encourage industry Voting Reforms 1870, only wealthiest Italian men could vote By late 1800s most adult male taxpayers could vote

17 Social, Economic Problems
NEGATIVE EFFECTS- In the years after unification, Italy faced many new challenges. Strong regional differences led to lack of unity Southern Italians resented being governed by Rome Catholic Church did not recognize Italy as legitimate nation Social, Economic Problems Poverty Caused many to emigrate 1880s, large numbers left Italy, many for Americas Violence and rioting due to Unemployment rising taxes Poverty, Emigration

18 Which of these elements is the greatest unifying and most destructive in the development of nationalism? Why?

19

20

21


Download ppt "Which of these elements is the greatest unifying and most destructive in the development of nationalism? Why?"

Similar presentations


Ads by Google