1. The Sanitation Ladder in South Asia
South Asia Regional Learning Event
Mark Ellery | 8th November, 2016

2. ACTIVITY 4: Climbing the Sanitation Ladder

3. The size & type of the sanitation challenge varies greatly from country to country in South Asia
Source: World Bank Data Bank,
WHO and UNICEF (2015) Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)

4. Bangladesh Rural SDG Sanitation ladder status
What actions will address the major steps in the sanitation ladder?
Source: WHO and UNICEF (2015) Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)

5. What will be the priority actions to enable Bangladesh to reach the SDGs
(Describe the top 3 priority actions)
1 2 3
(Flip charts, notetaker)

6. What Does it Take to Scale Up Rural Sanitation
While CLTS is effective in shifting people to fixed point defecation, sanitation marketing is effective in moving up the sanitation ladder
Source: WSP (2012), What Does It Take to Scale Up Rural Sanitation, World Bank

7. Figure 7: Beyond the Finish Line Sanitation Ladder
SNV (2016), Thinking Beyond the Finish Line:
Sustainable Sanitation Services for All;
Asia Regional Learning Event
Open Defecation Free (ODF)
Total Sanitation
Healthy Village
Use of Improved Sanitation by All
- CLTS
Steering multi-stakeholder coordination
Technical guidance
Informed Choice
- Supply Chain facilitation
- Pro-poor strategies
- Strategy for disabilities
Solid waste management
Much stronger BCC
Drainage solutions
Better staffed inspection
Environmental standards and guidance
Different milestones require different roles and responsibilities
Figure 7: Beyond the Finish Line Sanitation Ladder 7

8. 1. MDG Rural Sanitation Progress JMP Monitoring
Source: WHO and UNICEF (2015) Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)
1. MDG Rural Sanitation Progress JMP Monitoring

9. 2. Identify the 2015 MDG rural sanitation status
Source: WHO and UNICEF (2015) Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)
2. Identify the 2015 MDG rural sanitation status

10. 3. Turn the rural MDG 2015 status upside down
Source: WHO and UNICEF (2015) Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)
3. Turn the rural MDG 2015 status upside down

11. 4. Break this into a rural MDG sanitation ladder
Source: WHO and UNICEF (2015) Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)
4. Break this into a rural MDG sanitation ladder

12. Figure 8: Sanitation Ladder Dimension in South Asian Countries

13. The Challenge of the SDGs
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Open defecation
Other unimproved
Basic
Safely managed
Shared
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Eradicate all open defecation by 2025
Fecal sludge & menstrual hygiene management, food hygiene & handwashing
Improved
No targets for open defecation
Improved facilities are not necessarily safe
Shared facilities are not necessarily unsafe
Halving those without access is biased against the hard to reach (i.e. poor, disabled)
Target the universal access to sanitation and the progressive elimination of all all inequalities
Add a ‘safely managed’ category

14. Page Title SDG Sanitation Ladder SDG Sanitation Ladder Safely managed
Unimproved
Basic
Safely managed
Health Benefits
Shared
Costs
Open defecation
Open defecation
Human faeces disposed of in fields, forests, bushes or open bodies of water, beaches or other open spaces or disposed of with solid waste
Unimproved
Pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines
Shared
Sanitation facilities of an otherwise acceptable type shared between two or more households
Basic (was improved)
Flush / pour flush to piped sewer system, septic tank or pit latrine, ventilated improved pit latrine, composting toilet or pit latrine with a slab not shared with other households
Safely managed
A basic sanitation facility which is not shared with other households and where excreta are safely disposed in situ or treated off-site
SDG Sanitation Ladder
Source: WHO and UNICEF (2015) Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)

15. Need to change the approach at different stages in the ladder
Basic
Safely managed
Health Benefits
Costs
Supply Chains
Appropriate technologies
Access to finance
Poor/disable inclusive
Gender equitable
Public Services
Fecal effluent & sludge management
Handwashing facilities & hygiene behaviour
Menstrual hygiene management
Public Regulation
Sanitary behaviour
Sanitary codes
Environmental standards
Quality tradespeople
Institutional separation
CLTS
Coordination
Behaviour Change
Informed Choice
Unimproved
Shared
Open Defecation
Adapted from: SNV (2016), Thinking Beyond the Finish Line: Sustainable Sanitation Services for All; Asia Regional Learning Event
Figure 9: Changing Roles in Response to the SDG Sanitation Ladder

16. Sanitation Marketing Who are the ‘front end’ Entrepreneurs? Private
Hardware Shops?
Who are the ‘front end’ Entrepreneurs?
Masons?
Private
Public
Technology Options
Safety & compliance
Subsidies (for poor)
Finance (Hire Purchase)
Entrepreneurs
Supply Chain
Micro-credit
Inclusivity
MFI’s
Manufacturers R&D, Suppliers
Quality & Sustainable
Gov. + LGI’s
Gov. + NGO’s
Household
Hygiene
Sweepers?

17. The sanitation ladder in practice
If households already have a latrine (98%) then the entrepreneur will have to deal with ‘used’ latrines!
Who will do this?
Sweeper moves superstructure to empty pit
Sweeper motivates household & mason to upgrade to offset pits
Direct Pit
Offset Pit
Emptying
Install
pipes
Sweeper
Mason
Data on sales
Unhygienic latrine & difficult to empty
Hygienic latrine & easy to empty
Bangladesh (Hypothetical)

18. Low Cost Handwashing Devices
Handwashing with Soap
Low Cost Handwashing Devices

19. SaniMart - Menstrual Pad Production
Women & Adolescent Female Groups are producing, promoting and using locally made sanitary pads
1: Raw Materials
2: Refining
3: Rolling & Cutting
4: Sewing + loop
5. Sterilizing
6: Drying
7: Packaging
8. Marketing