1. Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for the Northeastern Afghanistan
An approach to evaluate socio-economic development program impact in the northeastern Afghanistan area using Alkire-Foster’s multidimensional poverty index (MPI) approach

2. What is POVERTY?

3. People’s perception of poverty
Quotations on poverty
“The poor are the ones with empty stomach”
“The poor are the ones who can not foresee what will happen tomorrow”
“the poor are the ones who can be sick today and be dead the next day”
The most common answers when speaking about poverty are related to a situation of material deprivation (food, land, livestock)
Source: Study on Chronically Poor Women, MoWA

4. Money metric measure (income, cost of basic need etc.)
How to measure poverty
Money metric measure (income, cost of basic need etc.)
For Afghanistan: 1,255 Afs. PPP month

5. NONPOOR (as per income)
Ghulam Hasan’s HH
Bamyan, Punjab
Sufficient food to eat
All male adults are employed
5 children (age 7-18) ; No children enrolled in school; 3 of them engaged in paid labor
Wife died during last birth; didn’t have access to doctor, nurse or trained birth attended
Collect drinking water from unprotected spring
Income per month per person 1310 Afs.
Mohammad Amir’s HH
Bamyan, Punjab
Sufficient food to eat
All male adults are employed
5 children (age 7-18); 3 children enrolled and attend in school; 1 engaged in paid labor
Wife had access to health service during pregnancy
Collect drinking water from protected spring
Income per month per person Afs.
NONPOOR (as per income)
POOR (as per income)

6. OK, Income poverty is incomplete So,
To complement income poverty, let’s use a dashboard approach

7. Dashboard 1. 65% households deprived in food security.
2. 45% households do not have access to health facility.
3. 38% households do not have access to electricity.
4. Median number of months of household shortages of each food group in the preceding 12 months is 3.
5. 57% households owning the homes they live in most of the year.
6. 43% households do not have access to education.
7. Median number of each livestock type owned by households.
8. % of households that own trees. …
69. Individuals’ reasons for feeling unsafe in their community.
70. % of individuals who participate in community groups and networks by type (tailored to context).
71. % of women who have been outside in the home/village in the preceding 12 months (subject to context).

8. Dashboard Village Argo: HH deprivation Food Security Employment
Food Security
Employment
Children enrolment
Maternal and child health
25%
Village Kasish: HH deprivation
Food Security
Employment
Children enrolment
Maternal and child health
25%

9. Dashboard Village A: HH deprivation Food Security Employment
Food Security
Employment
Children enrolment
Maternal and child health
HH1 1
HH2
HH3
HH4
25%
Village K: HH deprivation
Food Security
Employment
Children enrolment
Maternal and child health
HH1 1
HH2
HH3
HH4
25%

10. Dashboard Village A: HH deprivation Food Security Employment
Food Security
Employment
Child enrolment
Maternal and child health
HH1 1
HH2
HH3
HH4
25%
Village K: HH deprivation
Food Security
Employment
Child enrolment
Maternal and child health
HH1 1
HH2
HH3
HH4
25%

11. Dashboard Insensitive to distribution of deprivations
Village A: HH deprivation
Food Security
Employment
Child
enrolment
Maternal and child health
HH1 1
HH2
HH3
HH4
25%
Village K: HH deprivation
Food Security
Employment
Child enrolment
Maternal and child health
HH1 1
HH2
HH3
HH4
25%
Insensitive to distribution of deprivations
Useless for measuring extreme forms of poverty

12. Is there better way?

13. Is there better way?
“The need for a multidimensional view of poverty and deprivation,”Anand and Sen wrote in 1997, “guides the search for an adequate indicator of human poverty.”

14. Poverty is Multidimensional
Is there better way?
Poverty is Multidimensional
UNDP has developed the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for more than 100 countries including all South Asian countries
Many countries (e.g. Bhutan, Brazil, Colombia, China, Mexico and so on) developed their tailor- made MPI as part of Poverty Reduction Strategy

15. Why should we develop a Multidimensional Poverty Index
Because poverty is multidimensional and it is important to be measured
To complement existing impact indicators
To provide senior managers a single multidimensional measurement of poverty to track development in a area effectively and efficiently

16. Example

17. Who is multi-dimensionally poor?
Simple deprivation matrix with five indicators
Food Security
Employment
Child enrolment
Maternal and child health
Water
HH1
HH2 1
HH3
HH4
HH5
HH6
Poor HH: Any household deprived in two or more indicators
Poverty cut off

18. Who is multi-dimensionally poor?
Food Security
Employment
Child enrolment
Maternal and child health
Water
Poverty status
HH1
Nonpoor
HH2 1
HH3
Poor
HH4
HH5
HH6
Poor HH: Any household deprived in two or more indicators

19. Who is multi-dimensionally poor?
Food Security
Employment
Child enrolment
Maternal and child health
Water
Poverty status
HH1
Nonpoor
HH2 1
HH3
Poor
HH4
HH5
HH6
Poor HH: Any household deprived in two or more indicators
The headcount ratio (H) of poverty = 4/6 =0.67 (67%)

20. What is the depth (or, intensity) of poverty
Food Security
Employment
Child enrolment
Maternal and child health
Water
Depth of poverty among poor
HH1
HH2
HH3 1
HH4
HH5
HH6
Poor HH: Any household deprived in two or more indicators
The headcount ratio (H) of poverty = 4/6 =0.67 (67%)

21. What is the depth (or, intensity) of poverty
Food Security
Employment
Child enrolment
Maternal and child health
Water
Depth of poverty among poor
HH1
HH2
HH3 1
2/5 (40%)
HH4
3/5 (60%)
HH5
4/5 (80%)
HH6
5/5 (100%)
Poor HH: Any household deprived in two or more indicators
The headcount ratio (H) of poverty = 4/6 =0.67 (67%)
The average depth or intensity (A) of the poverty = (2/5+3/5+4/5+5/5)/4
=14/20 =0.70 (70%)

22. MPI for the program area

23. indicators selection for the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)?
Participatory for selecting indicators
Best practices (UNDP, other countries)
Available data

24. Dimensions and Indicators
Five Dimensions
Food security
Employment
Education
Health
Living Standard
Food Security
Child enrolment
Years of Schooling
Maternal and Child Health
Antenatal Care
House Ownership
Household Assets
Heating Source
Floor cover
Cooking fuel
Drinking Water
Sanitation
Electricity
Fourteen indicators

25. The MPI calculation A value calculated by multiplying
the incidence or headcount ratio (H) of poverty: H=0.67
the average depth or intensity (A) of poverty: A= 0.70
MPI : H*A (0.67 * 0.70) = 0.469

26. Proportion of poor households’ deprivation across the indicators

27. Thank You