1. Bell Ringer
Who is Mansa Musa?

2. QUIZ NEXT CLASS!

3. Trade Routes of East Africa
EQ: What role did geography play in shaping African civilizations?

4. East African Kingdoms and Trading States
Axum was a Christian kingdom in East Africa – remained Christian even after Islamic expansion. Ethiopians were descendants of the Axumites. Axum and Ethiopia were isolated from the Christian world.

5. East African City-States
East African cities thrived off trade along the Indian Ocean
Arab merchants settled in Muslim communities along the coast
Swahili – language formed from a mix of Arabic and Bantu.

6. Great Zimbabwe Means “great stone buildings”
Settled by Bantu people migrants
Advanced farming and ironworking techniques- led to large population
Connected to Indian Ocean trade network

7. People and Environment
As the Bantu people migrated they adapted their way of life:
Coastal people fished with nets, traded surplus
In the savanna, pastoral nomads moved from place to place with their herds.
Farmers practiced slash and burn agriculture
Chopped and burned the land using the ash as fertilizer

8. Government In most villages, power was shared among a group of elders.
Villages within a kingdom had to pay taxes and provide soldiers to the central government.

9. Religion
Christianity and Islam influenced people in some parts of Africa.
Some identified the forces of nature with divine spirits.
Some believed in a single supreme being, above all other gods.

10. Family Each family belonged to a lineage.
Group of households who claimed a common ancestor.
Some families were matrilineal, while others were patrilineal.
Matrilineal – important kinship ties and inheritance passed through the mother’s side
Patrilineal – from the father’s side

11. Literature
African societies preserved their histories and values through oral and written literature.
Griots, or professional poets, recited ancient stories.
Preserved histories and traditional folk tales, much like Odyssey or the Illiad were passed down from generation to generation

12. Essential Question
What role did geography play in shaping African civilization?

13. Review
According to scholars, which of the following is not true of the people of Great Zimbabwe?
a) They built great stone buildings.
b) They were a Bantu-speaking people.
c) They were successful farmers.
d) They relied on hunting and gathering for survival.

14. Review
The syncretic language that was a mixture of Bantu and Arabic is called …

15. Review
In African society, each person belonged to a group of households who claimed a common ancestor, or a ______________.

16. Review
Professional poets who passed down Africa’s oral tradition were called ____________.