1. Managing Plant Pests
Reminder: student learning activities are at the end of this power point.

2. Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed!
MS‐LS2‐1 Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for the effects of resource availability on organisms and populations of organisms in an ecosystem. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on cause and effect relationships between resources and growth of individual organisms and the numbers of organisms in ecosystems during periods of abundant and scarce resources.]
Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for the effects of resource availability on organisms and populations of organisms in an ecosystem. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on cause and effect relationships between resources and growth of individual organisms and the numbers of organisms in ecosystems during periods of abundant and scarce resources.]

3. Agriculture, Food and Natural Resource Standards Addressed!
PS Develop and implement a plan for integrated pest management for plant production.
Sample Measurement: The following sample measurement strands are provided to guide the development of measurable activities (at different levels of proficiency) to assess students’ attainment of knowledge and skills related to the above performance indicator. The topics represented by each strand are not all-encompassing.
PS a. Identify and summarize pest control strategies associated with integrated pest management and the importance of
determining economic threshold.

4. Bell Work! Describe common pests and their major classifications.
Explain three conditions needed for pest problems.
Describe how pests affect plants and cause losses.
Explain Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
Describe methods used to control plant pests.

5. Terms Bacteriacides Biological Control Chemical Control
Cultural Control
Diseases
Economic Injury Level
Economic Threshold
Fungicides
Genetic Control
Herbicides

6. Terms continued Insecticides Insects Integrated Pest Management
Mechanical Control
Nematocides
Nematodes
Pest
Rodents
Weeds

7. Pests
A pest is any insect, mite, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed or other plant or animal that is injurious to the health of humans, animals, plants or the environment.
Pests can cause damage to plants by making them less productive, affecting reproduction, or destroying them.

8. 5 major categories of pests
Insects
Nematodes
Weeds
Diseases
Rodents

9. Insects Animals with three distinct body parts:
head, abdomen, and thorax
Three pairs of legs, and one, two or no pairs of wings.

10. Nematodes
Appendage less, non-segmented, worm like invertebrates that have a body cavity and complete digestive tract.
They feed by penetrating root cells leaving lesions in which bacteria and fungi can enter the plant roots.

11. Weeds
Any plants growing out of place or an unwanted plant.
            

12. Diseases
Abnormal conditions of plants that interfere with their normal appearance, growth structure, or function.

13. Rodents or other animals
Animals that eat leaves, stems, fruit, and roots of plants.

14. What conditions do pests require for growth?
Three factors that must be present before an infectious disease can infect a plant:
The presence of a pest
A susceptible plant
A favorable environment

15. The Pest
If a pest is not present where plants are grown, it cannot cause a problem.
Crop rotation provides a means of eliminating the host for pests that may be present if the same crops are grown in the same location year after year.

16. A susceptible plant
Some plants may have a natural immunity or susceptibility to certain diseases.
Growers can select which crops to grow based upon which pests are found in their area.
Biotechnology has allowed the production of plants that have been genetically altered to produce natural toxins that prevent attack from such pests.

17. A favorable environment
The environment often can be altered to be more favorable for the growth of the host plant and less favorable for the pest.
Pesticides can also be used to make the environment deadly for the pest.

19. How pests affect plants
Pests can injure plants in many different ways.
These damages can result in losses for the producer which will eventually be passed on to the consumers.

20. Damage caused by pests
Damage caused by pests may be observed by outward symptoms consisting of:
Holes in the leaves
Damage the vascular system
Attacks to the fruit
Contamination of the plant
Loss of nutrients
Damage to land
Death of the plant

21. Integrated Pest Management
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) refers to a broad variety of methods used to control pest species in fields, gardens, greenhouses, and human lives in general.
These methods include mechanical, cultural, chemical, biological and genetic control.

22. Two goals of IPM 1. Keep pest levels below the economic injury level.
2. Avoid adverse effects to humans and the environment.

23. A successful IPM program
The key to successful IPM is the use of a scout, who regularly monitors pest populations and crop conditions.
Scouts look for indicators such as the economic injury level and economic threshold to determine what, if any, steps should be taken to prevent crop losses.

24. Controlling plant pests
Integrated Pest Management uses a variety of methods to control pests in many different conditions while taking into consideration the effects of each on the environment.

25. Methods in controlling pests
Mechanical control
Cultural control
Chemical control
Biological control
Genetic control

26. Mechanical control
Pests are destroyed or removed from the plant or area using tools or equipment.
Examples of mechanical control are:
Plowing
Mowing
Mulching

27. Cultural control
Implementing cropping practices that are not conducive to pest survival.
Examples of cultural control include:
Crop rotation
Trap cropping
Burning
Planting resistant varieties
Destroying habitats in and around fields

28. Chemical Control
Involves the use of pesticides to kill harmful levels of pest populations.
Several types of pesticides have been developed to specifically deal with certain pests.
Examples include: insecticides, nematocides, fungicides, bactericides, herbicides

29. Chemical control - insecticides
Insecticides are chemicals that are developed to control insects.
Insecticides usually affect the central nervous system of insects.
Therefore, insecticides tend to be very dangerous to humans and animals.

30. Chemical control - nematocides
Chemicals used to control nematodes are called nematocides.
Nematodes live in the soil making it difficult to treat problems caused by nematodes.

31. Fungicides / Bactericides
Fungicides and Bactericides are used to control plant diseases.
Fungicides are used to control diseases caused by fungi
Bactericides control diseases caused by bacteria.

32. Chemical control - herbicides
Herbicides are chemicals used to control herbs or weeds.
Selective herbicides will kill only certain types of plants.
While non-selective herbicides kill all plants on contact.

33. Biological Control
An example is the use of lady bugs to control aphid populations living organisms to control pests by taking advantage of natural predator-prey relationships, bacteria and fungi, or altering the reproductive cycle of the pest populations.

34. Genetic control
Many of today’s plants have been genetically altered to contain natural toxins to some pests.
Furthermore, several crop varieties have been selected for their resistance to bacterial or fungal diseases.
An example is the development and use of Bt corn.

35. Review / Summary What are the major classifications of plants pests?
What 3 conditions are needed for pest problems?
How do pests affect plants and cause losses?

36. Review / Summary What is Integrated Pest Management?
Describe the methods used to control plant pests?

37. Student Learning Activities
The end!
The Fly movie!
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Student Learning Activities

38. Student Learning Activities
Sample tests are available in the Lesson Plan tab.

40. Label the four different parts of the disease triangle.
Name: ________________________

41. Disease KEY Host Pathogen Environment
Label the four different parts of the disease triangle.
Name: ________________________
Host
Disease
Pathogen
Environment

48. Jeopardy
Managing Plant Pests

49. Pests
Pests continued
Pest growth
IPM
Pest control 10 20 30 40 50

50. Question 1-10
What is a pest?

51. Answer 1-10
A pest is any insect, mite, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed, or other plant or animal that is injurious to the health or humans, animals, plant or the environment.

52. Question 1-20
How can pests cause damage?

53. Answer 1-20
Pests can cause damage to plants by making them less productive, affecting reproduction, or destroying them.

54. Question 1-30
What are the 5 major categories of pests?

55. Answer 1-30 The 5 major areas are: Insects Nematodes Weds Diseases
Rodents

56. Question 1-40
What are the three distinct body parts of an insect?

57. Answer 1-40
Head
Abdomen
Thorax

58. Question 1-50
How many pair of legs can an insect have?

59. Answer 1-50
An insect has 3 pair of legs.

60. Question 2-10
What are nematodes?

61. Answer 2-10
Nematodes—appendageless, nonsegmented, worm-like invertebrates that have a body cavity and complete digestive tract.

62. Question 2-20
What do nematodes feed on?

63. Answer 2-20
They feed by penetrating root cells leaving lesions in which bacteria and fungi can enter the plant roots

64. Question 2-30
What is a weed?

65. Answer 2-30
A weed is any plant or plants growing out of place or an unwanted plant.

66. Question 2-40
What is a disease?

67. Answer 2-40
A disease is an abnormal conditions of plants that interfere with their normal appearance, growth structure, or function.

68. Question 2-50
What are rodents?

69. Answer 2-50
A rodent is animals that eat leaves, stems, fruit, and roots of plants.

70. Question 3-10
What are the three factors that must be present before an infection disease can infect a plant?

71. Answer 3-10 The 3 factors are: The presence of a pest.
A susceptible plant.
A favorable environment.

72. Question 3-20
When do pests cause problems?

73. Answer 3-20
When they are present where the plants are growing.

74. Question 3-30
What practice provides a mean of eliminating the host for pests.

75. Answer 3-30
Crop rotation

76. Question 3-40
How do growers select which crops to grow?

77. Answer 3-40
Growers can select which crops to grow based upon which pests are found in their area.

78. Question 3-50
How do growers alter the environment?

79. Answer 3-50
The environment often can be altered to be more favorable for the growth of the host plant and less favorable for the pest.

80. Question 4-10
What dose IPM stand for?

81. Answer 4-10
Integrated Pest Management.

82. Question 4-20
What is IPM?

83. Answer 4-20
IPM refers to a broad variety of methods used to control pest species in fields, gardens, greenhouses, and human lives in general.

84. Question 4-30
What are the two goals of IPM?

85. Answer 4-30 Keep pest levels below the economic injury level.
Avoid adverse effects to humans and the environment.

86. Question 4-40
What is the most important thing that you need to consider when picking an IPM to use.

87. Answer 4-40
The most important thing to consider when choosing an IPM is the effect that it will have on the environment.

88. Question 4-50
What are the 5 methods of controlling pests?

89. Answer 4-50 Mechanical control Cultural control Chemical control
Biological control
Genetic control

90. Question 5-10
What is mechanical control? Give at least one example.

91. Answer 5-10
Pests are destroyed or removed from the plant or area using tools or equipment.
Examples
Plowing
Mowing
Mulching

92. Question 5-20
What is cultural control? Be sure to provide examples.

93. Answer 5-20
Implementing cropping practices that are not conducive to pest survival.
Examples of cultural control
Crop rotation
Trap cropping
Burning
Planting resistant varieties
Destroying habitats in and around fields

94. Question 5-30
What is chemical control? Be sure to provide examples.

95. Answer 5-30
Involves the use of pesticides to kill harmful levels of pest populations.
Several types of pesticides have been developed to specifically deal with certain pests.
Examples include:
Insecticides
Nematocides
Fungicides
Bactericides
Herbicides

96. Question 5-40
What is biological control? Be sure to provide an example.

97. Answer 5-40
Biological Control—Uses living organisms to control pests by taking advantage of natural predator-prey relationships, bacteria and fungi, or altering the reproductive cycle of the pest.
An example is the use of lady bugs to control aphid populations.

98. Question 5-50
What is genetic control? Be sure to provide an example?

99. Answer 5-50
Many of today’s plants have been genetically altered to contain natural toxins to some pests.
Furthermore, several crop varieties have been selected for their resistance to bacterial or fungal diseases.
An example is the development and use of Bt corn.