1. Chp 5.2 Forming Solids

2. Metals
Metals:
Are elements that are usually shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and solid at room temperature.
On the left and center of the periodic table.
Two-thirds of all the elements are metals.

3. Metallic Bonds Resemble ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Metallic bond:
Is a bond formed when many metal atoms share their pooled electrons.
Bond with atoms of the same element or other metals.
Electrons are not transferred to another atom but they move freely through the piece of metal.
Electrons are not attached, they form a “sea of electrons”

5. Physical Properties of Metals
Malleability:
Is the ability of a material to be hammered or rolled into sheets.
Ductility:
Is the ability of a substance to be pulled into wires.
God conductors of heat and electricity.

6. Crystals
Particles arrange themselves into different patterns forming crystals.
Crystal:
Is a regular, repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules.
Eg. Snowflake, Sodium Chloride (ionic crystal), diamond and quartz.

7. Crystal Patterns NaCl Unit cell Ionic crystal.
Is the smallest repeating pattern that shows how the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a crystal.
NaCl
Ionic crystal.
Regular, cubic structure.
Na+ and Cl- alternate.

8. Polymer
Polymer:
Is a covalent compound made up of many small, repeating units linked together in a chain.
Polymer means “many parts”
Eg. DNA, plastics, synthetic fibers, paints and synthetic elastic ompounds.

9. Stringlike Molecules. Monomer:
Is a small molecule that forms a link in a polymer chain.
Gas at room temperature.
Molecules link by covalent bonds.

10. Synthetic Polymer Each line represents one pair of shared electrons.
Polyethylene is synthetic or manufactured.
Used for grocery bag and food wrap.

11. Natural Polymers Remember:
Compounds based on carbon are called organic compounds.
These are the materials in life.

12. Cells contains polymers:
Proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids, like DNA.
Proteins:
Hair, skin and muscles.
Its monomer is an amino acid (with C, N, O)
Carbohydrates
Monomer is a sugar molecule called monosaccharide.
Linked up to form starches and cellulose.
Long chains (with C, H, O)
Giant molecules.