Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Figure 1. Subtypes of homology in molecular biology

Published byBruce Malone Modified over 6 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Figure 1. Subtypes of homology in molecular biology"— Presentation transcript:

1 Figure 1. Subtypes of homology in molecular biology
Figure 1. Subtypes of homology in molecular biology. Three processes, speciation, duplication, and lateral transfer underly the three basic types of homology in molecular evolution. The processes are illustrated in (A), the resulting relations are illustrated in (B). From: Beyond cognacy: historical relations between words and their implication for phylogenetic reconstruction Journal of Language Evolution. 2016;1(2): doi: /jole/lzw006 Journal of Language Evolution | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. for permissions, please

2 Figure 2. Complex historical relations between reflexes of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- ‘cut off’.
From: Beyond cognacy: historical relations between words and their implication for phylogenetic reconstruction Journal of Language Evolution. 2016;1(2): doi: /jole/lzw006 Journal of Language Evolution | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. for permissions, please

3 Figure 3. Degrees of cognacy in Indo-European language history: the development of words meaning ‘to give’ from Proto-Indo-European via Latin to Italian and French (A), and the development of words meaning ‘sun’ in from Proto-Indo-European to Italian, French, Swedish, and German (B). From: Beyond cognacy: historical relations between words and their implication for phylogenetic reconstruction Journal of Language Evolution. 2016;1(2): doi: /jole/lzw006 Journal of Language Evolution | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. for permissions, please

4 Figure 4. The different dimensions of the linguistic sign: (A) Shows the classical model after Saussure (1916). (B) Shows an extended sign model in which the language, the system in which a sign is used was added as a third component. From: Beyond cognacy: historical relations between words and their implication for phylogenetic reconstruction Journal of Language Evolution. 2016;1(2): doi: /jole/lzw006 Journal of Language Evolution | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. for permissions, please

5 Figure 5. From gain–loss models to weighted directed character-state transitions: (A) Shows a strict approach in which four partially related compound words (as show at the bottom of D) are modeled as four different characters. (B) Shows the consequences of a lumping approach when partially cognate words are treated as fully cognate in binary presence–absence models. (C) Shows weighted directed character–state transitions, based on known transition tendencies displayed at the top of (D), with arrows indicating directions and edge width indicating the relative strength of transition tendencies. From: Beyond cognacy: historical relations between words and their implication for phylogenetic reconstruction Journal of Language Evolution. 2016;1(2): doi: /jole/lzw006 Journal of Language Evolution | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. for permissions, please

6 Figure 6. Comparing multistate models for lexical change
Figure 6. Comparing multistate models for lexical change. The figure shows how the evolution of the four words for ‘moon’ is inferred within a parsimony framework. On top, the etymological structure of the words is displayed, and unique colors are assigned to refer to the morpheme structure in the remainder of the figure (A). On the left, the penalties for character transitions (step matrices) are shown for the FITCH (B), the SANKOFF (C), and the DWST model (D). For SANKOFF and DWST, example calculations for transition penalties are displayed on the right (see also the main text). For each model, all trees with optimal weight are displayed. Dashed edges in the trees indicate a transition involving a change. Numbers on dashed lines denote the weight, as derived from the corresponding matrix of transition penalties on the left. From: Beyond cognacy: historical relations between words and their implication for phylogenetic reconstruction Journal of Language Evolution. 2016;1(2): doi: /jole/lzw006 Journal of Language Evolution | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. for permissions, please

7 Figure 7. One of four optimal scenarios for the development of words for ‘moon’ along the Arbre reference phylogeny. From: Beyond cognacy: historical relations between words and their implication for phylogenetic reconstruction Journal of Language Evolution. 2016;1(2): doi: /jole/lzw006 Journal of Language Evolution | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. for permissions, please

Download ppt "Figure 1. Subtypes of homology in molecular biology"

Similar presentations

Phylogenetic reconstruction

Phylogenetic reconstruction
From: An open day in the metric space

From: An open day in the metric space
Figure 4. The distribution of biology teacher main assignments

Figure 4. The distribution of biology teacher main assignments
Figure 1 The spatial and temporal distribution of diarrhoea rates

Figure 1 The spatial and temporal distribution of diarrhoea rates
From: Global Banking: Recent Developments and Insights from Research*

From: Global Banking: Recent Developments and Insights from Research*
Figure 1. Flow diagram of participants recruited into the study.

Figure 1. Flow diagram of participants recruited into the study.
Fig. 1 Graphical representation

Fig. 1 Graphical representation
Fig. 1 Mosaic display of PCEEC texts split according to time period, length of text, and gender of letter writer From: Variation in noun and pronoun frequencies.

Fig. 1 Mosaic display of PCEEC texts split according to time period, length of text, and gender of letter writer From: Variation in noun and pronoun frequencies.
Fig. 3 Evolutionary game types as a function of relatedness and synergy where each plot is a different social group size. The payoffs used to generate.

Fig. 3 Evolutionary game types as a function of relatedness and synergy where each plot is a different social group size. The payoffs used to generate.
Figure 1. The annual cycle of the migratory monarch butterfly occurs in four main stages: (1) overwintering, (2) spring migration and breeding, (3) summer.

Figure 1. The annual cycle of the migratory monarch butterfly occurs in four main stages: (1) overwintering, (2) spring migration and breeding, (3) summer.
Source:Rosnes and Vennemo 2009.

Source:Rosnes and Vennemo 2009.
From: Political Leadership and Power Redistribution

From: Political Leadership and Power Redistribution
Figure 1. Financial income in Germany (% of GDP)

Figure 1. Financial income in Germany (% of GDP)
From: Growing and Slowing Down Like China

From: Growing and Slowing Down Like China
Figure 1. Structural Equation Model: Effects of Valence Framing on Perceived Truth of Statements and Source Trustworthiness. Standardized path-coefficients.

Figure 1. Structural Equation Model: Effects of Valence Framing on Perceived Truth of Statements and Source Trustworthiness. Standardized path-coefficients.
Table 5 Village Characteristics Based on the Census of India 1991, by Mandate during which a First SHG was Created in the Village From: Public Good Provision.

Table 5 Village Characteristics Based on the Census of India 1991, by Mandate during which a First SHG was Created in the Village From: Public Good Provision.
Figure 1. Programme provisions, eligibility, evaluation period and geographical coverage of programme over time From: Impact evaluation of free delivery.

Figure 1. Programme provisions, eligibility, evaluation period and geographical coverage of programme over time From: Impact evaluation of free delivery.
Figure 4. Sensitivity of illustrative simulated cumulative US deaths to cigarettes per day (CPD) reduction and to Excess Risk transition rates. See text.

Figure 4. Sensitivity of illustrative simulated cumulative US deaths to cigarettes per day (CPD) reduction and to Excess Risk transition rates. See text.
Figure 1 A decision tree diagram for problems and its German correspondences From: Corresponding lexical domains: A new resource for onomasiological.

Figure 1 A decision tree diagram for problems and its German correspondences From: Corresponding lexical domains: A new resource for onomasiological.
Figure 1. Conceptual framework.

Figure 1. Conceptual framework.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google