1. An Efficient Cost Effective System for Wastewater Effluent Reuse
Zero Population Pathogenic Bacteria Disinfection of Wastewater by Ceramic Membrane Filtration:
An Efficient Cost Effective System for Wastewater Effluent Reuse

2. Membrane Characteristics

3. Ceramic Membrane Surface

4. Ceramic Membrane Manufacturer: PALL Length: 25 mm Width: 7 mm (ID)
Surface Area: 550 mm2 or 5.5 x 10-4 m2
Pore Size: 0.1 μm
Sample Flow Rate: 50 mL/min
Coagulant Flow Rate: 5 mL/min

5. PALL Membralox

6. Regulatory Requirements

7. California Title 22
Defines water reuse regulations and SOME analytical standards:
Turbidity
Fecal Coliforms
Cryptosporidium
Giardia
TOC

8. State of Texas §§ 30 TAC Chapter 210 TAC §210.33 BOD5 or CBOD5 5 mg/l
Turbidity 3 NTU
Fecal coliform or E. coli 20 CFU/100 ml*
Fecal coliform or E. coli 75 CFU/100 ml**
Enterococci 4 CFU/100 ml*
Enterococci 9 CFU/100 ml**
* 30-day geometric mean
** maximum single grab sample

9. Ceramic Membrane Test Bed

10. Analytical Tests Requirements for the Test Bed
Reduction of:
E Coli
Total Coliforms
Pseudomonas
HPC
Turbidity
TSS?
COD?

11. Analytical Methods E Coli and Total Coliforms: IDEXX Collilert
Enterococcus : IDEXX Enterolert
HPC: IDEXX HPC
TSS: SM 2540 C
COD: SM 5220 D
Turbidity: 2130 B

12. Test Bed System Coagulant Pump Ceramic Membrane Mixing Chamber
Sample Pump
Back Flush Pump

13. Test Bed #1

14. Test Bed Parameters #1 Ceramic Membrane Pore size: 0.1μm
Ceramic Membrane Surface Area:
Coagulant: FeCl3
Sample Flow Rate: 50 mL/min
Coagulant Flow Rate: 5 mL/min
Coagulant Concentration: 40 mg/L to provide 4 mg/L dosage

15. Filtrate from Ceramic Membrane
Filter Cake Forming
Filter Cake Formed

16. E Coli and Total Coliform for Final Effluent
Before Filtration
After Filtration

17. E Coli Results

18. Total Coliform Results

19. Enterococcus Results

20. TSS Results

21. COD Results

22. Turbidity Results

23. Test Bed #2

24. Test Bed Parameters #2 Ceramic Membrane Pore size: 0.1μm
Ceramic Membrane Surface Area:
Coagulant: FeCl3
Sample Flow Rate: 50 mL/min
Coagulant Flow Rate: 5 mL/min
Coagulant Concentration: 10 mg/L to provide 1 mg/L dosage
Ozonolysis: Activity/min
Ozonolysis Pretreatment Time: 15 min per 2 L sample

25. Filtrate from Ceramic Membrane
Filter Cake Forming
Filter Cake Formed

26. E Coli and Total Coliform for Final Effluent
Before Filtration
After Filtration

27. E Coli Results

28. Total Coliform Results

29. Enterococus Results

30. TSS Results

31. COD Results

32. Turbidity Results

33. Summary of results
4 mg/L FeCl3
Ozone and 1 mg/L FeCl3

34. Questions