1. Insolation and Temperature
Chapter 4
Insolation and Temperature

2. Insolation and Temperature
Solar Energy
Basic Processes of Heating and Cooling
Heating the Atmosphere
Measuring Temperature
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
Temperature Patterns

3. Solar Energy Electromagnetic Spectrum Different wavelengths
Electromagnetic Waves
Short & Long

4. Solar Energy Electromagnetic Waves

5. Solar Energy The Electromagnetic Spectrum

6. Shorter wavelength = more energy Longer wavelength = less energy
The Energy Spectrum
Shorter wavelength = more energy
Longer wavelength = less energy

7. Radiation and Life Radiation is energy traveling through space
Sunshine is one of the most familiar forms of radiation.
There would be no life on earth without lots of sunlight
Sunshine consists of radiation in a range of wavelengths from long-wave infra-red to short-wavelength ultraviolet,
Beyond ultraviolet are higher energy kinds of radiation - ionizing radiation.
Ionizing radiation can cause damage to matter, particularly living tissue. It is necessary to control our exposure.

8. Energy – Heat - Temp Energy – the capacity to do work
Heat – one form of energy
Temperature – a way to express how hot or cold something is

9. Atmospheric Energy Balance

10. Albedo: the percentage of solar energy reflected back by a surface

11. Basic Processes of Heating and Cooling
Radiation
Absorption
Reflection
Scattering
Transmission
Conduction
Convection
Adiabatic Heating and Cooling

12. Radiation
Radiation: energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles

13. Absorption and Reflection

14. Scattering

15. Transmission

16. Transmission The Greenhouse Effect

17. Conduction
The transfer of heat from one substance to another by direct contact. Denser is better.
The movement of heat from one molecule to another.
The flow of heat from one part of a substance to another part.
Example: A piece of iron with one end placed in a fire will soon become warm from end to end, from the transfer of heat by the actual collision of the air molecules.

18. Convection

19. Adiabatic Heating/Cooling

20. Heating the Atmosphere
The Earth’s Energy Budget
Spatial and Seasonal Heating Variations
Latitudinal Differences
Day length
Atmospheric obstruction
Land and Water Contrasts

21. The Earth’s Energy Budget

22. Spatial/Seasonal Variations Latitudinal Differences

23. Day Length

24. Atmospheric Obstruction

25. Land and Water Contrasts Heating Characteristics

26. Land and Water Contrasts Annual Temperature Curves

27. Measuring Temperature
Fahrenheit Scale
Celsius Scale
Kelvin Scale

28. Heat Transfer Mechanisms Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation
Figure 4-27

29. Ocean Circulation Patterns

30. Global Temperature Controls
Altitude
Latitude
Land-Water Contrasts
Ocean Currents

31. Seasonal Latitudinal Shift

32. Global Warming
Global Warming