1. Introduction to the Cell

3. Characteristics of Life
Made of one or more cells
The ability to develop and grow
The ability to respond to the environment
The ability to reproduce
The ability to obtain and use energy

4. The Needs of Life
Energy: All organisms require a steady supply of energy to stay alive.
The energy used by almost all life on earth comes from THE SUN
Materials: Substances such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen and water.
Living Space: Space to live and grow.

5. Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit of life that is capable of performing life functions.
Unicellular: Organisms made of a single cell. Usually too small to see directly.
Multicellular: Organisms made of many cells, like you!

6. Early Cell Scientists Anton van Leeuwenhoek Robert Hooke
Developed the first compound microscope
First to view living things
Robert Hooke
Coined the term cell
Looked at cork cells

7. Early Cell Scientists Matthias Schlieden Theodor Schwann
All plants are made from cells
Theodor Schwann
All animals are made from cells
Rudolf Virchow
Cell can only arise from pre-existing cells

8. Cell Theory Every living thing is made of one or more cells.
Cells carry out the functions needed to support life.
Cells come only from other living cells.

9. Spontaneous Generation
Theory of the 1600s
Idea that living things can arise from non-living material
Based on observation of real life
Fish from the mud of previously dry lakes
Maggots from rotting meat
Mice from corn
Replaced with theory of Biogenesis after experimental evidence presented

10. Pasteur’s Experiment

11. Germ Theory of Disease Louis Pasteur Coined the term “germ”
Microscopic organisms cause disease
Disproves spontaneous generation
Developed pasteurization
Leads to first human vaccinations

12. Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

13. Prokaryotic Few internal structures No nucleus Unicellular Bacteria
No organelles
No nucleus
Unicellular
Bacteria

14. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Nucleus to contain DNA
Most living organisms are eukaryotic
Plant
Animal

15. DO NOW
One person from each table group get textbooks from the back shelf for everyone at your table.
Write your name in the textbook and get ready to tell me the number.
Take out your Amoeba Sisters video worksheet from yesterday.
Title notes “Cell Organelles”
Turn to page 20

16. Lipid bilayer membrane structure
Surrounding the Cell
Cell wall
Cellulose molecules
Rigid, around membrane
Only plant cells
Cell membrane
Lipid bilayer (2 layers of fat molecules)
Plant and animal cells
Boundary of the cell
Controls movement into and out of the cell
Lipid bilayer membrane structure

17. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane
Water and proteins
Surrounded by cell membrane
Provides cell structure
Holds organelles
All cells

18. Structures that Process Information
Nucleus
Directs cell activities
Has nuclear membrane
Contains the genetic material (DNA)
Only in eukaryotic cells
Ribosome
Translate information from DNA
Gather materials to build proteins
No outer membrane, just a protein itself (enzyme)
Both pro- and eukaryotic

19. Organelles that Process and Transport
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Moves materials around the cell
Linked to ribosomes
Vesicles
Transport proteins from ER to Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
Finishes processing proteins
Can move material out of the cell

20. Organelles that Provide Energy
Mitochondria
In plant and animal cells
Produces energy through chemical reactions
Breaks down fats and carbohydrates using oxygen: Respiration
Chloroplasts
In plant cells only
Contain chlorophyll
Capture Sun energy directly to make sugar: Photosynthesis

21. Organelles for Storage and Waste
Vacuoles
Membrane bound sac
Removal of waste from the cell
Stores water
In plant cells:
large central vacuole
Structure – why plants wilt
Lysosomes
Cellular stomach
Digests fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
Removes waste from the cell