1. Cell Review
Organelles of a Cell

2. Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells
Cell Membrane
The thin, flexible outer covering of a cell. It controls what enters and leaves a cell.
There are two main ways substances enter and leave a cell:
Diffusion is one way in which materials (for example molecules of sugar, water or waste) moves across the cell membrane. It occurs as materials move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane.
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3. Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells
Cytoplasm
The gel-like fluid inside of a cell made of mostly water.
The other organelles are embedded in the cytoplasm.

4. Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells
Nucleus
Contains the genetic material (DNA) and is the control center of the cell.
One type of cellular reproduction, mitosis, occurs in the nucleus. This results in a duplicate copy of the cell. Mitosis is needed for growth, replacement of cells, and asexual reproduction.

5. Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells
Vacuole
Act as temporary storage centers.
Some store water; others store waste products until they can be eliminated from the cell.
Plant cells have fewer and larger vacuoles than animal cells.

6. Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells
Mitochondria
It is sometimes called the “powerhouse” of the cell
Are the energy producing sites in the cell where respiration takes place

7. Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells
Mitochondria
All organisms undergo cellular respiration.
During this process, glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to release energy
The cell uses the energy to build, repair, and reproduce cells
Cellular respiration is the complementary process to photosynthesis
Cells that require a larger amount of energy to function contain a larger number of mitochondria

8. Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells
Lysosomes
Organelles responsible for digesting certain materials within the cell
The lysosome can digest food, worn out organelles, as well as other cellular waste not needed for cell metabolism

9. Parts of a Plant Cells ONLY
Cell wall
Provides support and shape for plant cells.
It is made mostly of cellulose which provides a protective framework for the cell

10. Parts of a Plant Cells ONLY
Chloroplasts
Are the sites where photosynthesis takes place in a plant cell
They contain the chlorophyll, the green pigment that absorbs light energy
During the process of photosynthesis, plants use light energy (sunlight), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O) to make glucose, a simple sugar (C6H12O6) and oxygen gas (O2)
Plant cells also release oxygen gas (O2) as a waste product of photosynthesis