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Latin America Reference

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Presentation on theme: "Latin America Reference"— Presentation transcript:

1 Latin America Reference
Chapter 5: Latin America (Fig. 4.1) Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff

2 Introduction Latin America countries are:
Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff

3 1) Environmental Issues Facing Latin America
Relatively large land area and low population density has minimized environmental degradation The Destruction of Tropical Rainforests Deforestation is the most common environmental problem in Latin America Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff

4 Destruction of Tropical Rainforests
Affected regions: Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil and Pacific forests of Central America Causes: agriculture and ranching Grassification: conversion of tropical forest to pasture Urban Environmental Challenges: Valley of Mexico -Air pollution, smog -Sinking land Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff

5 2) Population Growth and Movements
Rapid growth throughout most of the century followed by slower growth European Migration Many Europeans immigrated between 1870s and 1930s Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff

6 Latino Migration and Hemispheric Change
Asian Migration Many Chinese and Japanese between 1870s and 1930s New wave of immigrants from South Korea Latino Migration and Hemispheric Change Economic opportunities spurred migrations within Latin America, or from Mexico to the U.S. Political turmoil, civil wars caused migration Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff

7 3) Patterns of Ethnicity and Culture
Racial caste system under Spanish: blanco (European), mestizo (mixed ancestry), indio (Indian), negro (African) Languages About 2/3 Spanish speakers, 1/3 Portuguese speakers Indigenous languages in central Andes, Mexico, Guatemala Blended Religions 90% Roman Catholic El Salvador, Uruguay have sizeable Protestant populations Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff

8 4) Economic and Social Development: Dependent Economic Growth
Most Latin American countries are “middle income” Extreme poverty in the region, however a) Development Strategies Import substitution: policies that foster domestic industry by imposing inflated tariffs on all imported goods Industrialization Manufacturing emphasized since 1960s Growth poles: planned industrial centers Foreign Investment Other Latin American countries attracting foreign companies The Informal Sector Self-employment: construction, manufacturing, vending, etc. Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff

9 Economic and Social Development
b) Primary Exports Latin America specialized in commodities into the 1950s Bananas, coffee, cacao, grains, rubber, petroleum, etc. Agricultural Production Since 1960s, agriculture has become more diversified and mechanized Machinery, chemical fertilizers, make agriculture very productive Mining and Forestry Products: silver, zinc, copper, iron ore, bauxite, gold, oil, gas Mexico, Venezuela, Ecuador export oil Mining becoming mechanized, laying off workers Logging Exportation of wood pulp provide short-term cash infusion Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff

10 Economic and Social Development (cont.)
c) Social Development Marked improvements since 1960 Declining child mortality rate, along with higher rates for life expectancy and educational attainment Most countries had cuts of 50% or more in child mortality Important role for non-government organizations (NGOs) Humanitarian organizations, churches, community activists Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff

11 Race and Ethnicity in Latin America
Africans Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff

12 Economic and Social Development (cont.)
The Status of Women Many women work outside of the home (30%-40%) Lower than rate in U.S. but comparable to many European countries Legally, women can vote, own property, and sign for loans, but less likely than men to do so Low illiteracy rates Highest rates in Central America Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff

13 Conclusion Latin America is the first region fully colonized by Europe
Latin America is rich in natural resources Active informal economy, rapid development Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff


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