1. Announcements

2. The Internet and Moolah $$
Blogging – Writing your opinion or about a certain topic in which you are the expert.
Bloggers can give tips, express political opinions and give commentary on various topics.

3. Vlogging Vlog – An internet blog in the form of the video.
Vloggers do basically the same thing as bloggers. They videotape their commentary about certain topics.

4. How to make Moolah $
Because it is immediate – advertisers look for a place to advertise their product.

5. Ways to generate revenue
First have a job.
Ads – Depending on what your vlog or blog is about it will generate some advertisers.
Sponsors
Subscribers
Continuity Programs – You earn income from the number of people who subscribe.

6. Ways to make some dough…
Private ad sales
Sale of your products on Amazon.com, ebay, etc.
Speaking fees.
Potentially with all these combined you could make a six figure salary
Motivational speakers or communities such as TedX.

7. Social Media
Most bloggers and vloggers have a following so they keep up with the times through social media.
It is a way to gain more followers and it is a way to “stay in touch” with the public.
Twitter
Hootsuite
Facebook

8. The reality…
It takes time. Some bloggers/Vloggers have up to two to three jobs.
Takes luck and knowing the right people
You need traffic on your site.
And many don’t make that much at first.

9. Other uses of Vlogs and Blogs
A lot of media websites (such as ABC.com) try to get the public engaged and more people to watch the traditional media channels through blogs and Vlogs.
Certain sites allow you to follow a character on Twitter or allow you to visit their Blog.
Example are newscasters or actors of a show, etc.

10. Times are changing though
More and more people are looking to the internet for a source of entertainment and news.
This means that producers are looking for ways to generate revenue online.

11. What about the law?
Blogs and Vlogs are mostly commentary. So does that mean you can libel or slander a person?
Answer: No.

12. Libel
Defamation of a person’s character or reputation in print. (applies to corporations and companies as well).
This also applies to TV because technically you have to write your script.

13. Slander
Defamation of a person’s character or reputation is done in conversation, through a broadcast.

14. Blogs/Vlogs Freedoms?
Yes you can express your opinion. But there are some limitations.
You can’t say anything that isn’t true.
You must get someone’s permission to use their “likeness” or their speech for a commercial. Must be in written consent.

15. Defamation lawsuits
Plaintiff’s have to prove they have a case. They need to prove:
1. They’ve been defamed
2. They were clearly Identified in the broadcast or publication.
3. Defamation was printed or aired.
4. Broadcast or print ad stated false information through negligence or malice.
5. Plaintiff suffered actual emotional or monetary damages.

16. Defamation suites. New York Times v. Sullivan Khawar V. Globe
Flowers V. Carville.

17. New York Times. V. Sullivan
1964 U.S. Supreme Court Case.
The freedom of speech protected the newspaper for being sued for libel in a state court for making false defamatory statements about a public official because the statements were not made with knowing or reckless disregard for the truth.
This case established the Malice Standard.

18. Malice Standard
Making false or defamatory statements with reckless disregard for the truth.
Person accusing the publication or company must prove they were defamed.

19. The case.
In 1960 the NY Times published a full page ad “Heed their Rising Voices.” It was an ad in support of Martin Luther King.
The ad described actions taken against civil rights protestors – some inaccurately, including an incident that involved the Montgomery Alabama Police.
They said they arrested King 7 times – when in fact he had only been arrested 4 times.
This was seen as a libelous reflection on the police force and Public Safety Commissioner L.B. Sullivan.

20. Case continued.
New York Times eventually wrote a retraction to the ad – an odd thing to do.
U.S. Supreme Court Determined that the Times did not publish the ad with actual malice.
And the case determined that the official had to prove that there were actual malice and damages done.
N.Y. Times won the case.

21. Copyright and Fair Use
What about using a copyrighted material for your blog/vlog or parody?
The way the product is used – whether its for educational and non commercial purposes.
The nature of the copyrighted work.
The amount of the work used – whether the whole thing is used or just a portion.
The effect of the use of the work and whether it has added value.

22. Unauthorized use of content
to reproduce the copyrighted work in copies or phonorecords;to prepare derivative works based on the copyrighted work;
to distribute copies or phonorecords of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;
in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, motion pictures, and other audiovisual works, to perform the copyright work publicly;
And in the case of sound recordings, to perform the copyrighted work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission.

23. Lawsuits against use of Copyrighted Material
Harper & Row Publishers Inc. v Nation Enterprises.
The case was to determine whether the unauthorized use of quotes from a public figure’s unpublished manuscript was copyright infringement or fair use.
The manuscript of Gerald R. Ford’s autobiography – “A Time to Heal.”
Within that work were there was a section called, “The Ford Memoirs – Behind the Nixon Pardon.”

24. The memoirs were to contain information regarding the Watergate crises.
Time Magazine wanted the scoop so they agreed to pay Harper and Roe, $25,000 for the republication of the memoirs - $12,500 in advance and another $12,500 once it was published.
Time used 7,500 words from the memoirs.
It was to appear one week before the publication of Gerald Ford’s Memoirs.

25. Exclusivity was key.
When the Nation received an early copy of the manuscript, they “created a news event” so as to publish it early.
Within that “news event” they published 300 words from the manuscript.
Judge said that the use of the 300 words from the manuscript did not harm Harper and Roe’s $$ and therefore dismissed the case.

26. examples
Celebrities read mean tweets.
Social Media can be used by other entities depending on your privacy settings.

27. Social Media and Copyright and Defamation
According to the National Institute for Social Media:
Libel cases against social media are still new.
Its hard to determine damages because the plaintiffs in the case make it appear as though the false statement has made it around the world and back.
The comments must reach followers and ultimately hurt a person or business monetarily or socially.
Must maliciously hinder a person’s life or business.

28. In class assignment Get in pairs.
Go online and look for examples of copyright infringement or cases of defamation through the use of social media. (Twitter, Youtube, Facebook, etc.)
Study it closely and summarize the case/example in 2-3 paragraphs typed.
Provide a link.

29. homework For Today: Read and study the New York Times V. Sullivan
Read and study the Civil Code Provisions.
Study the lecture there will be a quiz.