1. Learning Objectives
I can explain some of the different forms of energy.
I can identify situations when energy is transformed from one form to another.
I can give examples of some ways that energy can be transferred in renewable energy systems.
I can cite evidence of conservation of energy.

2. Ohio New Learning Standards for Science
Ohio 7th Grade, Physical Science #2 (7.PS.2) – Energy can be transformed or transferred but is never lost.
Ohio 7th Grade, Science Inquiry & Application #5 (7.SIA.5) – Develop descriptions, models, explanations and predictions.

3. Lesson Opener

4. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
What are some forms of energy?
- the ability to do work is energy and it’s expressed in joules (J)
- energy comes in many different forms, but the sum of an object’s kinetic & potential energy is called mechanical energy

5. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
- sound energy is a form of kinetic energy where particles of energy vibrate through a medium
- sound cannot be detected in space because there are no gas molecules to vibrate off of in the vacuum!

6. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer

7. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
- electromagnetic energy is transmitted through space in the form of electromagnetic waves
- electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space
- these are examples of electromagnetic waves

8. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
- chemical potential energy is the energy stored in chemical bonds that hold chemical compounds together
- batteries & food have chemical potential energy

9. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
- thermal energy is the energy an object has due to the motion of its molecules
- plasmas have the most molecular energy & Bose-Einstein condensates have the least

10. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
- nuclear energy can be generated through the splitting of an atom’s nucleus (nuclear fission), like an atomic bomb
- nuclear energy can be generated through the fusion of two atom’s nuclei (nuclear fusion), like the Sun
Complete #7, pg.539

11. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer

12. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
What is an energy transformation?
- an energy transformation takes place when energy changes from one form into another
- often, one form of energy changes into more than one form
Complete #8, pg.540

13. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer

14. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
What transformations occur in renewable energy systems?
- renewable energy sources (solar, ocean/wave, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal) convert electromagnetic energy or mechanical energy to electrical energy
Complete #11, pg.541

15. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer

16. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
What is an energy transfer?
- an energy transfer is the movement of energy from one object or system to another

17. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
What are some types of energy that can be transferred?
- mechanical energy can be transferred when objects push or pull on each other over a distance
- mechanical energy includes kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, & elastic potential energy (the sum of all the energies in a system)

18. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer

19. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
- electrical energy can be transferred when an electrical source is connected in a complete electrical circuit to an electronic device
- electrical energy is the energy of moving electrons!

20. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
- electromagnetic energy is energy from stars in various wavelengths that interact with matter
- only visible light energy is detectable by human eyes!

21. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
- thermal energy is a transfer of heat from a hot object to a cooler object
- this transfer can occur through radiation, conduction, or convection
Complete #13, pg.543

22. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer

23. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
What is conservation of energy?
- the law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred!
- when energy is transferred from one system to another, the total amount of energy in all systems before transfer equals the total amount in all systems after transfer!

24. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
- unwanted byproducts of many energy transfers are sound energy & thermal energy

25. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
How is energy conserved?
- energy is always conserved in transformations or transfers
- in closed systems, energy is not transferred to other objects, but just transformed within the system

26. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
- in open systems, energy is transferred into a different form or a different system

27. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer
- most natural systems in the Universe are open systems
- matter & energy can be transferred into or out of an open system
- in open systems, you must find the total energy in all the interacting systems to see where transfers occur
Complete #16, pg.545

28. Unit 8, Lesson 1 – Energy Transformation & Transfer

29. Visual Summary

30. Exit Question
Is a greenhouse an open system of energy or a closed system of energy?