1. VITAL SIGNS
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

2. What are vital signs?
Physical signs that indicate an individual is alive
Measurement of the functioning of vital (necessary for life) organs of body
heart, lungs and blood vessels

3. Vital signs Include heart beat breathing rate Temperature
varies
breathing rate
Temperature
98.6
blood pressure
High BP; greater than 140/90.
Low BP; lower than 90/50
oxygen saturation
Normal vital signs change with age, sex, weight, exercise tolerance and condition.

4. What do we do with vitals?
Vital signs can be observed, measured, and monitored
Purpose: assess an individual's level of physical functioning.

5. How are vitals taken? Measurements are made while patients are seated
Observations are taken of their physical condition and measurements are taken and recorded

6. Homeostasis

7. homeostatic control mechanism
Variable- produces a change
3 PARTS
Receptor- monitors the environment and responds to the change
Control center- determines the set point where the variable is maintained
Effector- provides a mean to respond to change

8. Feedback Negative feedback- output shuts off original change
Example: regulation of blood glucose level
Example: regulation of body temperature
Positive feedback- output enhances original change
Example: regulation of blood clotting
Example: contractions during labor

9. Balance is the variable
Negative output reduces stimulus and reverses the change
Temperature, blood glucose, water balance
Positive output enhances stimulus and increases the change
Blood clot and labor