1. Diversity in Health Care Delivery
Chapter 3
Diversity in Health Care Delivery
Define diversity in health care delivery.
Why should you learn about diversity of health care delivery?
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2. Health Care Delivery Services
Means “having variety”
Many types of services provided
Meeting needs of health care “seekers”
Patients who need care
Meeting needs of health care “givers”
Medical and allied health care professionals
What types of services can be provided?
What type of patients might you encounter?
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3. Medical Practice Settings
Private practice (sole proprietorship)
One physician
Partnership practice
Two physicians
Group practice
Three or more physicians
Corporate practice
Incorporated business, with one or more physicians
What is the liability of each medical practice setting?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each medical practice setting?
What type of medical practice setting does your physician have?
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4. Medical Specialties Advances in technology Focused areas of interest
More knowledge to learn and use
Focused areas of interest
Concentration in one area
Wide choice of specialties
Work in area of interest
What technologies have occurred in health care in the past 20 years?
Why is concentration in one area good? Why or why not?
Review various medical specialities and the scope of practice.
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5. Family Practice Versus Specialist
Family (general) practitioners
Treat all ages
Primary care physician (PCP)
Treat variety of disorders and diseases
Specialists
Physician with additional training and education
Treatment limited to one specialty area
Passed national board exam
Which specialist treats cancer?
What is the scope of practice for a psychiatrist?
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6. Specialty Boards and Certification
American College of Surgeons
Fellow of the American College of Surgeons (FACS)
American College of Physicians
Fellow of the American College of Physicians (FACP)
American College of Surgeons has more than 60,000 members.
Does the American College of Physicians have a chapter in your area?
What other professional memberships are available only to physicians?
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7. Professional Health Care Team
Physician and other allied health care professionals
Offer a variety of services
Work together to provide health care services
Need to be familiar with services provided
Medical assistant
Important member of the health care team
Discuss the types of services available.
Why does a medical assistant need to be familiar with the various types of services available?
What is the scope of practice for a medical assistant in your state?
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8. Physician Responsible for diagnosis and treatment plan
Hippocrates, “Father of Medicine”
State license required to practice medicine
Renewable yearly
Types of licensed physicians
Doctor of medicine (MD)
Doctor of osteopathy (DO)
What are the requirements to obtain a license to practice medicine in your state?
What are the requirements for a physician to renew his or her license each year?
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9. MD Versus DO Both physicians Similar training Same licensing
MD treats specific symptoms of disease and injury
Focus on family practice, internal medicine, specialties
DO uses “whole person” approach to medicine
Focuses on musculoskeletal systems
Basically a primary care physician
Explain why it is important to know the difference between an MD and DO.
Discuss the similarities in training.
Explain the “whole person” approach.
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10. Physician Assistant (PA)
Performs specific procedures
Under supervision of physician
Procedures include:
Taking medical histories
Examining and treating patients
Prescribing medications
Training includes:
Advanced college credits and clinical experience
Can a PA be a principle provider?
What is the average salary per year for a PA?
Discuss specific procedures that a PA can perform under supervision of a physician.
Review type of training required for PA training.
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11. Nurse Broad category Provides for well-being of patient
Many levels of nurses
Provides for well-being of patient
Wide range of responsibilities
Depends on education and training
Works in many settings
Hospitals, offices, clinics, schools
Licensed
Must pass state board examination
Discuss the different levels of learning.
How does the scope of practice differ within each category?
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12. Nurse Practitioner (NP)
Nurse with additional training in specialized field
Family nurse practitioner (NP/FNP)
American registered nurse practitioner (NP/ARNP)
Often holds master of science in nursing degree (MSN)
More patient care responsibility
Treats common illness; often prescribes medicine
Discuss the requirements for a person to become an NP.
Can an NP be a principle provider?
What is the average salary per year for an NP?
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13. Registered Nurse (RN) Performs: Education requirements
Typical bedside care
Administrative responsibilities
Supervisory responsibilities
Education requirements
2 to 4 years of college
Pass National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-RN)
Discuss the reasons for the nursing shortage.
How is the nursing shortage affecting heath care?
What is the average salary per year for an RN?
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14. Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN), Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN)
Trained in basic nursing duties
Works under supervision of RN or physician
Duties regulated by state law
Passes state exam
Can upgrade to RN with additional education and training
Discuss the scope of practice for an LPN.
What is the average salary per year for an LPN?
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15. Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)
Completes state-approved course
Passes state-sponsored skills examination
Provides basic patient care
Works in a variety of settings
Hospitals, nursing homes, home care
Discuss the training requirements to become a CAN.
What is the average salary per year for a CAN?
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16. Medical Assistant (MA)
Certified medical assistant (CMA)
Graduate of an accredited medical assisting program
Passes national certification examination
Works under supervision of physician
Performs many skills
Administrative
Clinical
Works in a wide range of settings
Why is an MA valuable in a medical office setting?
Discuss the various administrative skills an MA must know.
Discuss the various clinical skills an MA must know.
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17. Employment Opportunities for Medical Assistants
Hospitals
Medical offices
Clinics
Schools
Insurance companies
Correctional institutions
Research centers
What is the average salary per year for an MA in your area?
What type of employment will you seek after you graduate?
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18. Other Allied Health Professionals
Many areas of patient care involvement
Examples include:
Lab technicians, phlebotomists
Dietitians, respiratory therapists
Physical and occupational therapists
Pharmacists
Medical transcriptionists, medical secretaries
Medical record managers
Emergency medical technicians
Why is it important for you to know the scope of practice of other allied health professionals?
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19. Health Care Delivery Settings
Medical office (ambulatory care center)
Outpatient nonacute care facility
Hospital
Inpatient acute care facility
Ambulatory surgery center
Outpatient same day services for surgery
Admitted and discharged same day
Home health care agency
Social and medical help for patient at home
What type of health care delivery setting do you want to work in? Why?
What type of health care delivery system would you not want to work in? Why?
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20. Health Care Delivery Settings (cont.)
Short-term care
Restorative care after discharge from hospital
Return home after function restored
Long-term care
24-hour care for those unable to function on their own
Assisted living care
Facility for patients who require minimal help
Hospice
Assists and meets needs of terminally ill
Can a medical assistant work in a nursing home setting? Why or why not?
Where would a medical assistant most likely be employed?
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21. TJC (The Joint Commission)
Non-for-profit
Formed to raise level of safety and quality of care
Facilities volunteer to be evaluated or accredited
Discuss the purpose of The Joint Commission.
What benefit is it for a facility to agree to be evaluated?
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22. Conclusion
Many types of health care workers and facilities available to patient
Health care providers perform only duties listed under their scope of practice
Illegal to perform duties not qualified for
Unethical
Legal consequences
What happens if a health care professional works outside his or her scope of practice?
Discuss illegal choices a health care professional may make.
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