1. Phoenicians
Element: Describe early trading networks in the Eastern Mediterranean to include the impact Phoenicians had on the Mediterranean World.
Vocabulary: Phoenicians

2. Activator
Using one of the ancient writing systems, write your first name.

4. Phoenicians- Location
modern day Lebanon
Accomplishments:
city-states
trade network
writing system

5. City-States never unified politically but wealthy
people were connected by culture (common language, writing, and trade practices)
ports 30 miles apart (the length you could sail in a day)
had to conquer every Phoenician city-state because they were independent

7. City-States colonies along North Africa, Spain, Sicily & Sardinia
Carthage:
greatest colony
set-up by the people of Tyre about 814 BCE
Important trade centers:
Byblos traded papyrus
Tyre produced and traded red-purple dye
Sidon produced and traded red-purple dye

9. Trade Networks known for ship building and seafarers
controlled trade throughout the Mediterranean Sea and into the Atlantic Ocean
first Mediterranean people to go out past the Straight of Gibraltar
connected cultures throughout the region
traded what they retrieved from other lands
wine
weapons
precious metals
ivory
slaves

10. Writing
Element: Explain the development and importance of writing to include cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and the Phoenician alphabet.
Vocabulary: Cuneiform, hieroglyphics, Phoenician alphabet, papyrus

12. Cuneiform: Development
created by Sumerians
wedge-shaped
form of pictograph = the use of pictures that represent a word or phrase
used a reed stylus to make wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, which were then baked in the sun

13. Cuneiform: Importance
used to keep records and to pass on knowledge
allowed people to communicate in new ways
The Epic of Gilgamesh is an important Mesopotamian epic poem

15. Hieroglyphics: Development
created by Egypt around 3000 B.C.
“sacred carvings”
form of pictograph =used pictures and abstract forms
written on temple walls and tombs
hieratic script - a simplified version, written on papyrus

16. Hieroglyphics: Importance
used for:
business transactions
the general needs of everyday life

18. Phoenician Alphabet: Development
developed by the Phoenicians
form of phonetics = used symbols to represent sounds

19. Phoenician Alphabet: Importance
introduced writing systems to trade partners
influenced the Greeks to use this system of writing as well

20. Assignment
Working in small groups, you will complete the Development of written Language Activity.

21. Summarizer
How did the development of writing impact Sumerian, Egyptian, and Phoenician societies?