1. The Astronomical Revolution

2. The Cosmological Revolution

3. Gods Formed
Egyptian

4. Earth & Locked
Aristotelian
East

5. Aristotelian EXTRA
East

6. Earth & Unlocked
Ptolemaic

8. Sun & Circles
Copernican
East

9. Sun & Circles
Copernican

10. Copernican VS Ptolemaic
Sun VS Earth
Copernican VS Ptolemaic

11. Earth and SUN
Tycho

12. Special Geometry!
Kepler first try

13. Sun & Elliptical!
Kepler second try

14. VoRtex
Descartes

15. Current

16. Current

17. Future?
Multiverse?

18. Future?
Spin foam?

19. Copernican VS Ptolemaic
Sun VS Earth
Copernican VS Ptolemaic

20. Cosmological Revolution
This is a story about cosmological revolutions
This is a story about the world turning upside down
This is a story where the world stopped making sense
This is a story in which the inconceivable became conceivable

21. Cosmological OBSERvations
Stars appear to move East to West
Moon appears to move East to West
Sun appears to East to West
Eternal vs Transitory
Some never set!

22. Cosmological OBSERvations
More complicated!
Day-after-day the planets slowly move towards to west.
So, nightly they rise in the East and set in the West.
But over time, the are moving backwards with respect to the stars.
And they all wander up and down: Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn.

23. Cosmological Revolution
Sun-Ra born and dies
Stars are gods and deified-persons
Some stars are eternal

24. Cosmological Revolution

25. Aristotelian Five elements Up-Down: earth, water, air, fire
Circular: aether or quintessence

26. Aristotelian

27. Aristotelian Five elements Up-Down: earth, water, air, fire
Circular: aether or quintessence
Natural motions
Planets locked in
Stars on the outside and SPIN!

29. Aristotelian The apparent rotation of the stars, the sun, the moon.
The apparent rotation of the planets (kinda).
BONUS: astrology, tides, zodiac and seasons

30. DARK AGES Revolution Philosophy Theology . Neo-theo-cosmology
Aristotle: Cosmology and Metaphysics
Ptolemy: detailed astronomy/astrology
Philosophy
Theology .
Neo-theo-cosmology

31. Trees Take ROOT But medievals built on Aristotle Heaven perfect
Earth imperfect
Heaven and Hell, it was all so close and apparent
God, angels, fallen angels man,
See Dante.

32. Cosmological Revolution
Nine levels of Hell
Man can climb or fall, we of all creatures have a choice.
Aquinas constructed his theology with Aristotle as his scaffolding
Anti-A: void
Pro-A: Genesis (page 100)

33. DARK AGES Revolution Philosophy Theology . Neo-theo-cosmology
Aristotle: Cosmology and Metaphysics
Ptolemy: detailed astronomy/astrology
Philosophy
Theology .
Neo-theo-cosmology

34. TREE that bear bad fruit
Retrograde

35. Retrograde
East
West

36. Ptolemy
East
West

37. Retrograde

38. Cosmological Revolution
Retrograde
Calendars
Strange constructions

39. Strange Constructions

40. TREE that bear bad fruit
Retrograde
Calendars
Strange constructions
Enter Conceptual problems
Shells-epicycles
No-mechanism
Refutation requires digging up roots.

41. Cosmological Revolution
New concepts, example:
Recall Earth motion
Projectiles: Arrow?
Inertia

42. Sun & Circles
Copernican
East

43. Cosmological Revolution
Enter Copernicus
Enter objections:
Our senses!
Loss of heaven
What about salvation for other planets?
What about scripture?

44. Poor SOIL
Ps 93:1-2 The Lord reigns; he is robed in majesty; the Lord is robed; he has put on strength as his belt.Yes, the world is established; it shall never be moved.Your throne is established from of old; you are from everlasting

45. Poor Soil
Joshua 10:13 And the sun stood still, and the moon stopped,until the nation took vengeance on their enemies
Ecc 1:4-5 A generation goes, and a generation comes, but the earth remains forever. The sun rises, and the sun goes down, and hastens to the place where it rises

46. Poor Soil
Astrology is hard!
And for what!?

47. Elegance!

48. Revolutions SPILL OUT Enter G: Evidence Heavens = Earth
Enter K: Ellipse
Need some force
Enter N: finds the force
Space has a void?
Space is massive!

49. Revolution For possibilities
Moving Earth
Earth not the Center,
Earth is just like the planets and even life the Sun
Universal gravitation--akin to Aristotelianism.
◦ No mechanical system came to the rescue
◦ And magnets
◦ And quantum theory?
Vacuum--quasi in terms of Aether--but eventually we accept it.
Universe might be infinite
All things became a little less special
The heavens became corruptible
The Earth lost its central place and so did mankind