1. Open Online Newspaper Initiative (Open ONI) and IIIF
Sheila Rabun
IIIF Community and Communications Officer
International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) Consortium
Twitter:
I’m Sheila Rabun, IIIF Community and Communications Officer. My background is in digital libraries and digital newspapers specifically
- Thank you all for being here
- How many people have heard of IIIF?
- How many have digital newspaper content?
- Open ONI is a software development project and product for digital newspaper delivery that is incorporating IIIF APIs

2. Overview IIIF at a glance
Benefits of IIIF for Newspapers (and all digital images)
IIIF and the Open Online Newspaper Initiative (Open ONI)

3. IIIF At a Glance:
A Community, That develops Shared APIs, Implements them in Software, And exposes interoperable Content Learn more at iiif.io
Focus = common standards for web-based image (and media) delivery, started in 2011
IIIF at a glance (I only have 9 minutes!)
Community
Shared APIs
Software
Content
Credit to: IIIF Editors (Rob Sanderson, Jon Stroop, Mike Appleby, Tom Crane, and Simeon Warner) and Tom Cramer

4. IIIF Community - iiif.io/community
IIIF Consortium
Currently 38 state and national libraries, universities, museums, tech firms
Provides sustainability and steering for the initiative
Wider community
80+ cultural heritage institutions, software companies, and projects using IIIF standards
iiif-discuss list = 550+ members
IIIF Slack = 190 members
Community Groups
Newspapers, Manuscripts, Museums, Software Devs, A/V
Growing community:
Community
The IIIF Consortium is a group of (currently 38) libraries and museums who have signed an MOU to provide sustainability and steering for the IIIF community
It has been challenging to keep track of the overall size of the wider IIIF community of institutions and tech firms who have been adopting IIIF standards..
Community Groups: Newspapers, Manuscripts, Museums, Software Developers, and A/V Technical Specification group

5. What does IIIF Provide? Image API Presentation API Search API
Transfer image pixels
Image manipulation
Presentation API
Presentation of an object (pixels + navigation and metadata)
Easily share and re-use, mix and match content
Annotate content
Search API
Search annotations
Authentication API
Provide interoperability for access-restricted content
What does IIIF provide?
There are 4 APIs that provide the ability to:
- Transfer image pixels
- Image manipulation
- Presentation of an object (pixels + navigation and metadata)
- Easily share and re-use, mix and match content
- Annotate content
- Search annotations
- Provide interoperability for access-restricted content
As long as you are using a compatible image server and image viewer and you are following the standards for IIIF json files, you can mix and match software and give users access to the rich functionality that IIIF provides…

6. IIIF APIs – iiif.io/technical-details
Image API 2.1
Facilitates systematic re-use of image pixels
HTTP(S) Requests – URI specifies region, size, rotation, quality, and format of image
Get pixels via RESTful web service - The Image API allows for transfer of image pixels through HTTP requests, so for example, you could manipulate an image from a different repository via the URL
/ img-1234 / 125,15,120,140 / pct: 75 / ! / gray.jpg
(identifier) (region) (size) (mirror) (rotation) (quality.format)
Credit: IIIF Editors (see slide 2)

7. IIIF APIs – iiif.io/technical-details
Presentation API 2.1
Provides descriptive info, annotation layer, structure/navigation for complex objects
Utilizes JSON.LD and Shared Canvas model
Search API 1.0
Allows for searching within annotations
Authentication API 0.9
Provides user auth for access- controlled images
A/V API – coming soon…
Presentation API requires just enough metadata to drive a remote viewing experience, so descriptive metadata, object structure and navigation - Presentation API also supports annotations.
The Search API allows for searching within annotations, and the Authentication API, still under community review, allows for user authentication for access-restricted images. The community is currently working on a specification for A/V materials, so stay tuned for that…

8. IIIF-Compatible Software Implementations
Examples:
Hydra-in-a-box repository product
CONTENTdm 6.0 release
Mirador viewer
Universal Viewer
Internet Archive Book Reader
Diva.js
Plugin for Omeka
Etc.
Many examples of IIIF specs implemented in software - The IIIF APIs have been implemented to various degrees in a number of new and existing applications, such as
Hydra-in-a-box repository product
CONTENTdm 6.0 release
Mirador viewer
Universal Viewer
Internet Archive Book Reader
Diva.js
Plugin for Omeka
And the list goes on…
Mirador Viewer: projectmirador.org

9. Benefits of IIIF for Newspapers
Shared standards for presenting digital newspaper data – OCR, annotations
Enriching the newspaper- based research experience
Ability to share, mix, and match newspaper content from across repositories
Image shows a newspaper page with an article highlighted entitled “A crusade on corsets” – with keyword hit-highlighting and corresponding OCR text. Images and content from this slide forward give credit to Karen Estlund, “IIIF and Open ONI” at
Image from the National Library of Wales:

10. Comparing Newspapers in Mirador
Functionality – deep zoom, compare, cite and share, annotate, search within annotations, embed, image manipulation – crop and rotate, etc.
Image on the slide shows two different digital newspaper images side by side:
From the Salt Lake Tribune ( ) showing article: “ Confidential Talk on Corsets - Ladies, the most important garment worn is the corset. Stop and consider what it means. Think of it ladies, it’s the foundation of health, comfort, and appearance and the beauty of it is all three combined can be readily given when you put yourself in the hands of an expert corsetier. When properly corseted one can always be well gowned. Your dressmaker or tailor cannot give you the graceful and stylish lines unless properly corseted. Your corset is what moulds your figure and shows your gown off to best advantage”
From “Western Mail” ( ): “A crusade on Corsets – Somewhat more than two months ago, says Brooklyn Argus, a number of Brooklyn ladies many of them prominent in social life, organized a war against corsets, garters, and high heeled shoes, false hair, and the numerous other…which are generally supposed to add beauty and injure health. The crusade on rum having proved a success, these ladies determined to pluck the mote from the feminine eye before attempting to remove the beam from the optics of their brithers...”
Image credit: Karen Estlund

11. Software: Open ONI - https://github.com/open-oni
But my focus today is on Open ONI, which is one of the many software products working to integrate IIIF specs
Open ONI was started in July 2015, spearheaded by Karen Estlund (at University of Oregon, now at Penn State), with grant funding from NEH as part of the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP)
Started in July 2015 with grant funding from NEH as part of the National Digital Newspaper Program – developers meeting at the University of Oregon, led by Karen Estlund

12. LC Newspaper Viewer (chronam) – Open Source, Open API - http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/
Based on the chronam software for Chronicling America (Library of Congress) – uses NDNP technical specifications and batch structure
The Open ONI software is based on the Library of Congress’ Newspaper Viewer, otherwise known as chronam
11,320,187+ pages

13. Adapting chronam for State and Local Use
A number of libraries involved in NDNP had been using forks of the chronam software for their local repositories, so Open ONI is a joining of forces among these institutions in order to create a stable, easy to deploy and maintain software package geared toward local and state institutions (chronam was originally developed for LC for use at the National level)
Target = out of the box solution for digital newspapers – easier to implement and maintain (go further together)
Image: Dev instance of Open ONI, Karen Estlund – following slides: credit to Karen Estlund

14. IIIF Mapping for Newspapers
Newspapers metadata (METS XML)
IIIF data (JSON.LD)
Title
Collection
Issue
Manifest
Edition
Article
Range
Page
Canvas
Image
METS ALTO (OCR data)
Annotations
The Open ONI team and IIIF Newspapers group determined a mapping for newspaper metadata to IIIF json – a shim is available to automatically create the json files needed - Ed Summers at the Maryland Institute of Technology in the Humanities developed a script that will convert NDNP newspaper metadata to IIIF json!
ndnp_iiif is a Python program for turning National Digital Newspaper Program data into static IIIF JSON that is ready for mounting on the Web.
Shim:

15. Open ONI and IIIF - Manifests
Example manifest:
Link to OCR in IIIF Manifest:
"seeAlso": [    {      "profile": " " 1/ocr.xml",      "format": "text/xml"    }  ],
Penn State, University of Nebraska, and the University of Oregon are leading the effort
Karen Estlund is one of the project leaders and is also a co-chair of the IIIF Newspapers community group along with Glen Robson at the National Library of Wales.
Open ONI has been developed with guidance from the IIIF community, with best practices on mapping and manifests, and linking METS ALTO files for OCR data
Penn State is getting ready to launch, then Univ of Nebraska, and Univ of Oregon

16. Open ONI and IIIF – Servers and Viewers
RAIS image server dockerized - libraries/rais-image-server
Loris
IIPImage Server
IIIF-Compatible Image Viewers
OpenSeadragon
IA Bookreader
Universal Viewer
Mirador
These are just some examples of compatible servers and viewers that could be used. There are a number of IIIF-compatible image servers and image viewers that can be used; Open ONI uses the RAIS image server, developed at the University of Oregon, and has started with a basic OpenSeadragon viewer, which is native to the chronam software
Image credit: Karen Estlund

17. Thank You: Karen Estlund, Penn State University NEH
Ed Summers, Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities
Northern New York Library Network
Stanford University
Glen Robson, National Library of Wales
Penn State University
North Carolina Digital Heritage Center
Library of Congress
University of Oregon
Paul Smith's College
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
University of South Carolina
MITH, University of Maryland
LYRASIS
Special thank you to:
Leaders: Karen Estlund, Penn State University
Ed Summers, Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities
Glen Robson, National Library of Wales
Software developers and resources:
Library of Congress
University of Oregon
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
MITH, University of Maryland
Northern New York Library Network
Stanford University
Penn State University
North Carolina Digital Heritage Center
Paul Smith's College
University of South Carolina
LYRASIS