1. The Duplessis Era
-Maurice Duplessis was the Premier of Quebec; leader of the Union Nationale -known as “le chef”-the boss! -supressed political opponents- used Padlock Law -promoted traditional, conservative values -Catholic Church -farm, faith (religion) and family -this period of time in Quebec history is known as the Great Darkness -Quebec became very nationalist-Duplessis wanted Quebec to be its own nation-no federal support or influence -no unions -bribery and corruption were rampant -minimal economic development, industrialization Hard Times 1:16.54 Time for Change 1:18.51

2. The Quiet Revolution - 1960 Jean Lesage -Liberal leader in Quebec
-“Time for change” - (non- violent political and economic change)
-end corruption in government
-Wages and pensions were raised
-economy, politics, education and culture of Quebec underwent great change
-modernized Quebec society
-Shift away from agriculture towards industry and science
-Quebec controls its own economy - decided to nationalize (buy) several hydro companies and turned them into a large, provincially owned power company Hydro-Quebec
-government took control of social services and the education system
-Roman Catholic Church declined
-famous motto was born in this era: “Maitres chez nous” - “Masters in our own house” – birth of SEPARATISM
"Maitre Chez Nous“ 9:28
under a new flag 31:24

3. ROYAL COMMISSION ON BILINGUALISM AND BICULTURALISM - 1963
Pearson appointed a Royal Commission to investigate the state of French/English relations in Canada
Report called for Canada to come bilingual
vive le quebec libre/language wars 45:39 1:08.13

4. Official Languages Act - 1969
Trudeau’s government wanted to improve relationship with Quebec and strengthen ties with the rest of Canada
Passed this bill - officially made Canada bilingual
all Canadians would have the right to communicate with gov’t in French or English
all products had to be labelled in French and English

5. FLQ CRISIS - 1970 FLQ was a separatist group
Kidnapped James Cross and Pierre Laporte
Demanded ransom, reading of manifesto, transport to Cuba and release of political prisoners
Trudeau passed WAR MEASURES ACT to deal with crisis
Laporte was killed; Cross released
October :15.23

6. BILL 22 - 1974 Passed by the Quebec government – Robert Bourassa
Made French the official language of Quebec
French became the language of the workplace and government
Many English speaking businesses and professionals left the province

7. BILL
Replaced Bill 22
Passed in Quebec by Rene Levesque – leader of Parti Quebecois
French was the ONLY official language in Quebec
Increased division in Quebec between non-Francophones and Quebecois

8. CONSTIUTION ACT
Trudeau and premiers came up with an agreement to patriate the constitution
Agreement made without Quebec’s consent
Revealed major national unity issues

9. MEECH LAKE ACCORD
Brian Mulroney met with premiers to discuss Constitution
Quebec wanted an amendment made to include a “distinct society” clause
Newfoundland and Manitoba refused to agree to the terms
Separatist support in Quebec soared as a result – felt their concerns had been ignored

10. CHARLOTTETOWN ACCORD - 1992
Mulroney again met with premiers to agree upon constitutional amendments
Proposed “distinct society” clause, Aboriginal self-government, and reformed Senate
Amendment failed to pass when put to a national referendum – 54.3% NO
Honor and Enthusiasm
1:18.44

11. SEPARATION REFERENDUMS
1980 – Parti Quebecois asked for a “mandate to negotiate” a new agreement based on sovereignty association
RESULT: 60% NO 40% YES
1995 – again Quebec asked to vote on separation
This time questions read:
“Do you agree that Québec should become sovereign, after having made a formal offer to Canada for a new economic and political partnership, within the scope of the Bill respecting the future of Québec and of the agreement signed on 12 June 1995?”
RESULT: 50.6% NO % YES
CLARITY BILL – referendum must include a CLEAR question