1. Geography, People and Language
Chapter One
Geography, People
and Language

2. Contents
Geography I
People II
The English Language
III

3. I Geography
1. Geographical Feature
2. Climate
3. Major Cities

4. Map of the UK Read the map to find: Atlantic Ocean North Sea Irish Sea
The English Channel (The
Channel Tunnel )
The Republic of Ireland

5. Title and Make up of the UK
Geography
The official title of the UK
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The UK is made up of:
Great Britain (the formerly separate England and Scotland, and Wales. )
Northern Ireland
Numerous smaller islands

6. Location and territory
Location of the UK:
The mainland areas lie between
latitudes 49°N and 61°N and
longitudes 8°W to 2°E
Total territory: 242,910 square kilometers
Interesting Fact: No one in the UK lives more than 120 km (75 miles) from the sea.

7. Topography Northern Ireland: It’s mostly hilly.
England: it consists of lowland terrain, with some mountainous
terrain in the north-west, north and south-west.
Scotland: Its geography is varied, with
lowlands in the south and east
and highlands in the north and
west.
Ben Nevis in Scotland
— the highest point in UK
Wales: It’s mostly mountainous. South Wales is less mountainous
than North and Mid Wales.
Northern Ireland: It’s mostly hilly.

8. Rivers and Lakes The longest river: Severn River (354 kilometers long)
The second longest river: Thames (332 kilometers long)
The largest Lake: Lough Neagh
Thames

9. Lake District

10. Lake poets "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" ---William Wordsworth
 I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

11. Lake poets
The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed---and gazed---but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.

12. 2. Climate Main characteristics: Three major features:
Temperate, with warm summers, cold winters and plenty rainfall
Three major features:
Winter fog
Rainy days
Instability/changeability

13. 3. Major Cities — London the capital of England and of Great Britain
the political center of the Commonwealth
a major port
one of the world's leading banking and financial
centers.
The River Thames

14. Landmarks & Symbols of London
The palace of Westminster

15. Landmarks & Symbols of London
Big Ben
Westminster Abbey

16. Landmarks & Symbols of London
St. Paul's Cathedral

17. Landmarks & Symbols of London
Hyde Park
Tower of London

18. Landmarks & Symbols of London
Buckingham Palace
Tower Bridge

19. Landmarks & Symbols of London
London Eye

20. Major Cities—Edinburgh
Capital of Scotland
administrative, financial, legal, medical and insurance center of Scotland
beautiful scenery
renowned architecture

21. Landmarks & Symbols of Edinburgh
Edinburgh Castle
Palace of Holyrood

22. Major Cities—Cardiff
Europe's youngest capital city
has been the capital city of Wales for around 50 years
home to an enormous amount of urban regeneration and restoration
has recently become one of the most fashionable cities in the United Kingdom.

23. Landmarks & Symbols of Cardiff
Cardiff City Hall

24. Landmarks & Symbols of Cardiff
Millennium Stadium
Cardiff Castle

25. Major Cities—Belfast the second largest city
capital of Northern Ireland
an important historic city
City Hall

26. Landmarks & Symbols of Belfast
Belfast Castle

27. II People Overall population: over 60 millions Distribution:
England: about 50 million
Scotland:over 5 million
Wales: around 3 million
Northern Ireland: about 1.7million

28. Ethnicity
The majority of this population are descendents of the Anglo-Saxons
Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendents of the Celtic people
The Irish people were also Celtic in origin
immigrants

29. Percentage of total UK Population
Ethinc Groups of total
White British %
White Irish %
White (other) %
Mixed race %
Indian %
Pakistani %
Bengali %
Other Asian (non-Chinese) %
Black Caribbean %
Black African %
Black (others) %
Chinese %
Other %

30. III The English Language
1. Old English
2. Middle English
3. Modern English
4. Standard English

31. 1. Old English (5th ~ 11th) Language of Angle-Saxons Influenced by
Old Norse
Latin and Greek words
Danish words

32. Beowulf The most famous work from the Old
English period is the epic poem ”Beowulf”
(approximately AD 900)
Hwæt! We Gar-Dena in geardagum,
þeodcyninga, þrym gefrunon,
hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon.
Oft Scyld Scefing sceaþena þreatum

33. 2. Middle English (11th ~ 15th )
Status
French replaced English as the official language, and English became the Language of lower class
big — pork
sheep — mutton
cattle — beef
Development
English increased in importance after the Black Death

34. written by Geofery Chaucer, 14 the century
The Canterbury Tales
written by Geofery Chaucer, 14 the century
Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote
The droghte of March hath perced to the roote
And bathed every veyne in swich licour,
Of which vertu engendred is the flour;
Geoffrey Chaucer

35. 3. Modern English (15th~ )
The printing press—brought standardization of English
Samuel Johnson’s dictionary—established a standard form of spelling
Renaissance—assimilated foreign words throughout the Renaissance
The Industrial Revolution—necessitated the introduction of new words for new things and ideas
The rise of the British Empire or the Commonwealth of Nations—led to the assimilation of words from many other languages

36. by William Shakespeare 1603
Othello
by William Shakespeare 1603
La: Tho in the trade of warre, I haue flaine men, Yet doe I hold it very ftuft of Confcience. To doe no contriu’d murrher; I lacke iniquity Sometimes to doe feruice: nine or ten times, I had thought to haue ierk’d him here, Vnder the ribbes.
Oth.: Tis better as it is.
Which can be translated as:
La: Though in the trade of war I have slain man, Yet do I hold it very stuff o’ the conscience. To do no contrived murder: I lack iniquity Sometimes to do me service: nine or tem times I had thought to have yerk’d him here under the ribs.
Othello: ‘Tis better as it is.
Shakespeare

37. 4. Standard English
based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England
adopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media
also called as Queen’s English or BBC English
based on the London dialect
becoming a universal Lingua Franca—the world language

38. Thank You !