1. Purposes of Music and other music terms

2. Ceremonial Music created or performed for rituals or celebrations.
Patriotic Music
Religious Music

3. Examples of Ceremonial music
Bridal Chorus
Hail to the Chief (entrance of the President)
Funerals
Commemorative ceremonies
Graduations
Political events
Holidays
Religious rituals

4. Recreational Music for entertainment or fun. Game Songs
Dance or Social Events
For Physical Activities
As a Hobby

5. Examples of Recreational music
Most of what we listen to daily
System of a Down
Lil’ Wayne
Weezer
Journey
CCR
NIRVANA
….country music….maybe

6. Artistic Expression
Music performed in a concert setting in front of an audience.
Composed Music
Music created with the intent to express or communicate one’s emotions, feelings, ideas, or experiences.

7. Examples of music for artistic expression
Bach
Beethoven
Tchaikovsky
Handel
Haydn
Mozart
Wagner

8. Syncopation Any rhythm that emphasized the down beat
Sometimes referred to as being “off-beat”
Can be used to make a song feel surprising, uncertain, exciting, or just more interesting
The type of syncopation can be used to identify the type of music (ex. Ragtime, jazz, swing, big band)

9. Tempo terms Accelerando – if the music speeds up
Rallentando or Ritardando – if the music slows down
Largo – slow and broad
Adagio – slow
Andante – “walking”, a medium slow tempo
Moderato – moderate or medium
Allegro – Fast
Vivo (or Vivace) – lively and brisk
Presto – Very fast
Prestissimo – very, very fast

10. Strings 4 stringed instruments commonly used in the modern orchestra:
Violin – highest sound, most numerous
Viola – slightly larger, w/ a deeper and more mellow sound
Cello – much bigger, noticeably lower and deeper sound
Bass – so big the player must sit on a stool or stand to play, has a very low sound
All are usually played by use of a bow, but sometimes played by plucking them

11. Woodwinds Also typically 4 types used in any modern orchestra
Flute – no reed, high pitched
Oboe – double reed and traditionally sounds the first “A” that the orchestra tunes to, deeper and sometimes used in orchestras
Clarinet – single reed, wide range of notes and very versatile

12. Woodwinds cont. Types cont.
Bassoon – Largest and lowest pitched standard woodwind
All woodwinds are played by blowing into them and using ones fingers to cover various holes to produce notes

13. Brass All made of metal (silver alloy or brass)
Sound produced by “buzzing” the lips against the mouthpiece
Rest of instrument just amplifies and refines the sound
Slides or valves help achieve various notes
Again, typically four varieties in an orchestra:
Trumpets – small, high pitch
French Horn – more conical and mellower than trumpet
Trombone – only valveless brass instrument, uses a slide, still lower than the trumpet

14. Brass cont.
Types cont.
Tuba – largest and lowest sounding, much mellower and more distant sounding than the trombone
Some types used in bands but not as common in an orchestra are: baritone, euphonium, mellophone, and sousaphone

15. Percussion Anything not classified as a string, woodwind, or brass
Mostly various drums or instruments hit by drumsticks or beaters
Drums: timpani (kettledrums), side drums, tenor drum, bass drum, bongos
Cymbals
Xylophones, marimbas, glockenspiel, tubular bells
Tambourine, triangle, maracas. Castanets, claves, wood blocks, bells, and scrapers
Piano and various whistles

16. Voice Female voices: Soprano – highest female voice
Mezzo-soprano – mid-range
Contralto – lowest
Male voices:
Tenor – highest male voice
Baritone – mid-range
Bass – lowest

17. Music criticism notes There are 5 criteria to base a judgment on:
Timbre – quality of tone, range, variety, appeal of musical sounds
Expressiveness – interpretation, style, and phrasing
Technique – the performers skill
Presentation – choice/appropriateness of music – whether the performer meets expectations – Geared to live music
Impact – artist’s charisma – newness (uniqueness) of what you hear – how the artists compares to similar artists you have heard

18. This week’s agenda
Today and tomorrow – practice music listening for the test
Wednesday – Clubs/binder check (Notes from KET, the “Purposes and other music terms” ppt., and the practice worksheets for the test)
Thursday – Test
Friday – Make-up tests/DEAR
Make sure peer revisions/2nd drafts are turned in

19. Sociology
Test today
Tomorrow – Make-up test/DEAR