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The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism
CHAPTER 28 4/15/2018 CHAPTER 28 The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism Section 1: The Postwar Era Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
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The Postwar Era Objectives: Section 1:
Explain how scientific theories affected thinking in other areas of life. Identify ways in which writers, musicians, painters, and architects experimented with new forms. Describe how popular culture and consumerism affected societies.
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The Effects of Scientific Events and Ideas
Section 1: The Postwar Era The Effects of Scientific Events and Ideas A global epidemic Spanish Flu 1919 Killed 20 million people across the world Scientific and social theories Psychology: Study of the unconscious mind Sigmund Freud Other looked to science to explain ideas about war
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New Directions in Literature
Section 1: The Postwar Era New Directions in Literature Dissatisfaction with traditional ideas, disillusionment Saw world in decay Tried to portray life in a dreamlike manner Surrealism Examination of unconscious motivations Poetry without rhyme with lines of varying lengths
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New Directions in Literature
Section 1: The Postwar Era New Directions in Literature Major Figures Gertrude Stein Ernest hemingway Marcel Proust Thomas Mann Franz Kafka TS Eliot
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New Directions in Music, Painting, and Architecture
Section 1: The Postwar Era New Directions in Music, Painting, and Architecture Music Used different instruments in different keys at the same time Jazz developed radio gave rise to jazz Fusion of African and Latin American styles Major Figures Stravinsky, Schoenberg, Billie Holiday
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New Directions in Music, Painting, and Architecture
Section 1: The Postwar Era New Directions in Music, Painting, and Architecture Painting Picasso created cubism Dali used surrealism to portray life in a dream Dadaism (random images to reflect insanity)
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New Directions in Music, Painting, and Architecture
Section 1: The Postwar Era New Directions in Music, Painting, and Architecture Architecture Sullivan used functionalism, developed the skyscraper Frank Lloyd Wright influenced international style
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Popular Culture and Consumerism
Section 1: The Postwar Era Popular Culture and Consumerism Entertainment motion pictures, business of sports Consumer culture more luxury items purchased radio advertising buying on credit prohibition
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Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles Objectives: Identify the weaknesses that appeared in the global economy during the postwar era. Describe how nations initially responded to the Great Depression. Explain how the New Deal marked a shift in the U.S. government’s relationship with its citizens and the economy.
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Signs of Economic Troubles
Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles Signs of Economic Troubles Farmers suffered from the Dust Bowl (Drought) farmers struggled while industry prospered Demand for crops lessened Farmers made very little money Protectionism economic nationalism High American tariffs Europeans unable to make money and repay debts
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Signs of Economic Troubles
Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles Signs of Economic Troubles Speculation and panic Stock prices overvalued People sell their stocks and the prices fall risky investments in stock market Black Tuesday occurred when stock market crashed
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Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles The Great Depression Millions went bankrupt People were unable to repay debts banks failed Caused a world wide Depression Governments in France and Germany fell by 1933
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Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles The New Deal Before 1933, US had no social welfare programs to help the poor Americans who lost their jobs had to rely on familiy and charity Program of relief and reform Social Security Act provided for unemployment and old-age benefits
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Postwar Prosperity Crumbles
Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles The New Deal Program of relief and reform Social Security Act provided for unemployment and old-age benefits Congress passed other emergency relief programs Government became deeply involved in the welfare of its citizens
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Political Tensions After World War I
Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I Objectives: Describe the difficulties that France faced during the postwar years. Explain how the British government dealt with its domestic problems. Identify the problems that weakened eastern European governments.
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France’s Postwar Difficulties
Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I France’s Postwar Difficulties The economy government and individuals were in debt International affairs Locarno Pact pledged that countries would peacefully settle all future disputes Afraid of a German invasion Built the Maginot Line
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France’s Postwar Difficulties
Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I France’s Postwar Difficulties Political unrest strikes in various industries and riots by conservatives The Popular Front (Socialists) came to power Led by Leon Blum Made reforms (40 hour work week, paid vacation) Government fell in a year Reforms disappeared
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Great Britain After World War I
Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I Great Britain After World War I Labor troubles outdated industry and high unemployment Socialist under Ramsey MacDonald took power in 1924 Tightened budget and protected industry
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Great Britain After World War I
Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I Great Britain After World War I Ireland bloody revolt against Great Britain Irish Republican Army fought for independence Formed the Irish Free State in 1922 Later fought a short civil war
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Political Tensions After World War I
Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I Eastern Europe Weak economies Conflicts between socialists and conservatives New boundaries caused unrest New democratic goverments were overthrown and replaced with monarchies or dictatorships
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Fascist Dictatorships
Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships Objectives: Describe how Benito Mussolini transformed Italy into a fascist state. Explain why the Weimar Republic failed. Trace how Adolf Hitler became an important figure in Germany. Describe how the Nazis used power in Germany.
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The Rise of Fascism in Italy
Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships The Rise of Fascism in Italy Fascist doctrine dictatorship and totalitarianism opposed communism and democracy Promised to maintain the class structure Mussolini’s rise to power WWI veteran
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The Rise of Fascism in Italy
Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships The Rise of Fascism in Italy Created Fascist Party in 1919-called the Black Shirts Promised to protect against Communists Took over the government in 1922 appointed Fascists to all official positions in center government – total control The corporatist state major economic activities were organized similar to corporations
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The Rise of Fascism in Italy
Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships The Rise of Fascism in Italy
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Fascist Dictatorships
Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships The Weimar Republic Treaty of Versailles was humiliating opposed Germany’s interests High unemployment Soaring inflation Hyper inflation More than 10,000%
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Fascist Dictatorships
Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships The Weimar Republic
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Fascist Dictatorships
Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships The Nazis and Hitler Nazi Party Created before WWI was extremely nationalistic anti-Semitic anticommunist Hitler wrote Mein Kampf, which planned for racial purity, promised to repeal Treaty of Versailles
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Fascist Dictatorships
Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships The Nazis in Power Created anticommunist hysteria
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Fascist Dictatorships
Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships The Nazis in Power Moved into the Rhineland in 1936 Ignored by Britain and France Created the Rome-Berlin Axis with Italy in 1936
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Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union Objectives: Identify the terms of the New Economic Policy. Describe how Stalin shaped the Soviet economy. Explain why Stalin imprisoned and executed millions of Soviet people.
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Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union Russia Under Lenin Civil War Red Army won the war New Economic Policy (NEP) nationalized industries Created a command economy collectivized farms
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Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union Russia Under Lenin Women’s roles gave women more rights Education was priority
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Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union The Five-Year Plan Ambitious agricultural, industrial, and social goals to create a modern, industrialized society Focused on military production Caused hardships for Soviet people, were forced to comply
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Stalin’s Dictatorship
Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union Stalin’s Dictatorship Josef Stalin seized power by 1927 Ruled by fear Used secret police Called NKVD Outlawed religious instruction
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Stalin’s Dictatorship
Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union Stalin’s Dictatorship Government under Stalin Stalin controlled the Politburo Ran the government purge of disloyal party members extended to general population Foreign policy wanted rest of world to accept Soviet Union tried to spread Communist revolution
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Stalin’s Dictatorship
Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union Stalin’s Dictatorship
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