1. Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)
Reading is Chapter 12 in Ruddiman 2nd ed

2. Boundary Conditions
Removed figure for copy right reasons. Figure 12-1 from Earth's Climate - Past and Present by William Ruddiman 2008

3. Boundary Conditions
Removed figures for copy right reasons. Figure 12-1 from Earth's Climate - Past and Present by William Ruddiman 2008 Figure 7-2 from Earth's Climate - Past and Present by William Ruddiman 2008
Obliquity – From Analyseries

4. CLImate MApping and Prediction
The project was funded by the NSF
Imbrie, Hays, and Shackleton
Reconstruct LGM
Sediment cores to reconstruct oceanic conditions
Vegetative zones
Extent of glaciation

5. In class activity part #1
In groups of four
Skim the CLIMAP papers for the assumptions (modern and/or LGM) used in the model-based LGM reconstruction
CLIMAP (1976), The surface of the ice-age earth, Science, 191(4232),
CLIMAP (1984), The last interglacial ocean, Quatern. Res., 21(2), 123.
Compare between papers

6. CLIMAP assumptions Assumptions Modern LGM Sea level Land albedo
Ice sheets
Ice margins
Ocean temp
Sea Ice
Insolation

7. In class activity part #2
Let’s look at the model results from CLIMAP for the LGM in your web browser, go to

8. Modern vs. LGM Data Set aug SST feb SST elevation glacial_ice
relief type
exposed_soil
soil type
vegetation type
vegetative
water

9. Temperature in the Tropics
Average of the Tropics
Modern
LGM
Aug
Feb