1. FUNGI
Eukaryotic, spore-bearing, heterotrophic organisms that produce extracellular enzymes and absorb their nutrition.

2. JAMUR ■ Natural decomposers of organic matter – saprophytic
■ Plant pathogens
● Obligate parasites, species dependent eg
rusts and mildews
● Facultative parasites eg smut fungi

3. ■ Industrial importance
● Fermentation processes eg yeasts in beers,
wines (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
● Antibiotic production eg
Penicillium notatum (penicillin)

4. ■ Human and animal pathogens –
superficial and systemic mycoses
& allergies
■ Mycotoxins
■ Research – genetics, biochemistry,
molecular biology

5. Characteristics of fungi
■ Eukaryotes
■ No chlorophyl (distinguishes them from
plants and algae)
■ Unicellular to filamentous
■ Rigid cell wall

6. ■ Spore bearing stages in the life cycle
■ Usually reproduce by sexual and asexual
■ Insensitive to antibacterial antibiotics

7. Spores - a minute propagative unit functioning
as a seed, but differing from it in that a
spore does not contain a preformed
embryo

8. Fruiting body - any complex fungal structure that contains or bears spores; a sporocarp

9. TUBUH VEGETATIF ■ unicellular (yeast),
■ filamentous, or both (=dimorphic)
■ Hypha (pl. hyphae) is the basic “cellular” unit in filamentous fungi; they may be septate or coenocytic (aseptate); collectively a mycelium

11. MODIFIKASI HIFA
Sklerotium

12. Rizomorf
Rizoid

13. Heterotrophic
Secrete extracellular enzymes
Absorptive nutrition
Saprobes: decay dead organic matter
pathogens: biotroph, necrotroph
symbionts: parasites - commensals - mutualists

16. mitokondria
Dinding sel
Badan golgi
glikogen
mikrotubul
vakuola
Membran sitoplasma
Inti sel
Retikulum endoplasma
ribosom

19. Asexual reproduction ■ Asexual spore formation:
• chlamydospores (formed within sporangia)
• conidia (formed naked at tips of hyphae)
■ Budding (cell division)
■ Fragmentation (of mycelium)

21. Sporangium Peronosclerospora maydis

22. Phytophthora sp.
Aspergillus sp.
Alternaria sp.
Fusarium sp.

23. Phytium sp.
Helminthosporium

24. Pertunasan (budding) pada khamir (yeast)

25. Sexual spores ■ Some fungi also produce sexual spores as a
result of sexual reproduction
– Result of fusion of
• unicellular gametes or
• specialised hyphae (gametangia)

26. • from the fusion of 2 haploid cells to yield a diploid
cell which then undergoes meiosis and mitosis to
yield individual spores
• The nature of the spore depends on the group of
fungus
– Ascospores (Ascomycetes)
– Basidiospores (Basidiomycetes)
– Zygospores (Zygomycetes)

27. Ascospores (Ascomycetes)

29. Pembentukan spora seksual pada kelas Basidiomycetes

30. Basidiospore

31. Zygospore
Spora seksual pada kelas Zygomycetes