1. Medieval
Catholic
Church

2. In the Middle Ages, most people in Western Europe belonged to the Catholic Church
The Church was very powerful.

3. Why did people join the Catholic Church?
People wanted Salvation (saving) to get to heaven.
Christians believed that they had to do whatever the church told them to get to heaven.
They gave donations to the church to try to get to heaven.

5. The church collected a tithe from everyone.
For tithe, people had to give a tenth of their income to the church as a tax.
People also donated their land to the church when they died. The Catholic Church became the largest landowner in Europe. People had to pay to be baptized, married, and buried by the Church.

6. People also believed in Damnation.
People thought that their souls were damned to hell if they lived a life of sin.

7. WHO ARE THE CLERGY & WHY ARE THEY POWERFUL?
The Clergy is anyone who worked for the Church.
The clergy were the only people who could read and write.
People believed that the clergy had the power to forgive people’s sins.

9. Pope- in control of entire Catholic Church & all Christians in West Europe
POWER OF THE POPE
Pope Francis

10. Cardinal- a top church official in control of a group of archdioceses
José H. Gomez
Los Angeles, CA

11. Bishop- in control of a diocese (group of churches)
Archbishop- in control of an archdiocese (group of dioceses)
Priest- in charge of local church and all members

13. The Pope was the head of the clergy and the Catholic Church.
He was very powerful because people saw the pope as God’s representative on Earth. He controlled what the Church taught and decided when someone was acting against the Church.
Anyone who went against the Catholic Church or spoke out against church teachings was called a heretic.
Heresy was a crime punishable by death.

15. The pope could excommunicate people.
Excommunicate means to kick someone out of the Catholic religion.
That means they are not considered a Christian anymore.
They will be an outcast!
They believe that they cannot get to heaven if they have been excommunicated.

16. POPES & KINGS SOMETIMES COOPERATED.
Example: The Pope crowning Charlemagne emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
Charlemagne
Pope Leo III

17. Kings
and
Popes
Clash

18. KINGS & POPES FOUGHT OVER WHO WAS MORE POWERFUL.
Kings want to rule all the people in their kingdoms.
The Pope says everyone in the Kingdom is Christian and since the Pope is in charge of all Christians, he tries to boss the kings around.
Example:
Pope Gregory VII & Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV fought over who could appoint Bishops in Germany.

19. Emperor Henry IV: Holy Roman Emperor Pope Gregory VIIVS
1073
Emperor Henry IV: Holy Roman Emperor
Pope Gregory VII

20. POPES & KINGS FOUGHT OVER WHO WAS MORE POWERFUL.
How do you think Bishops should be chosen for the job?
Discuss with group….Share with class
Listen to what happened with Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV
(Don’t write, just pay attention!)

21. Pope Gregory issued a bull that said popes are superior to kings and that only popes could appoint bishops.
He said that any king who doesn’t like it should step down.

22. Emperor Henry IV said, “No one tells me what to do
Emperor Henry IV said, “No one tells me what to do!” and wrote a letter back saying that the pope should step down.
Henry tried to get Germany’s bishops to remove Gregory from being Pope.

23. Pope Gregory VII said, “You think I should step down….Not likely!”
Gregory excommunicated Emperor Henry IV.

24. The Nobles said, “No Way!” and told Henry IV to apologize.
Emperor Henry IV tried to get his nobles support. He wanted them to help in the fight against the pope.
The Nobles said, “No Way!” and told Henry IV to apologize.

25. Emperor Henry IV decided to go to Italy
Emperor Henry IV decided to go to Italy. He dressed up like a beggar and went barefoot in the snow to apologize to the pope.

26. Pope Gregory VII left Emperor Henry IV out in the snow for 3 days and then finally cancelled the excommunication.

27. Who’s the winner now?
POPE!

28. Stop here
Show gothic architecture

29. Questions you must use in your Cornell Notes as part of the 7-9 questions: 1. What would happen to you if…..? 2. What occurs when…..? 3. What was important about….? Write this question and its answer on the top of page 2, in addition to the 7-9 questions: Why might the pope excommunicate people who speak out against him?