1. Psychoanalytic Theory
Basic Freudian Propositions

2. Sigmund Freud and the Psychoanalytic Movement
Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis
Shaped peoples thinking by telling them how their thinking was shaped

3. The Basic Instincts: Sex and Aggression
Closely follows Darwin’s theory
Freud believed that everything humans do goes back to survival or the struggle between life and death.
Later termed libido (life) and thanatos (death)
Mirrors Darwin’s theory of natural selection: selection by reproduction and selection by survival.
Although he initially believed that the life and death instincts worked to oppose one another, he later argued that they could combine in various ways. He believed that from these instincts comes the energy that powers all human behaviors.

4. How he Developed his Ideas
Studied patients through interviews, analyzed their dreams, thoughts and fantasies for recurring themes
Analyzed himself- realized a lot of his issues were around his strained relationship with his father- Oedipal Complex

5. Unconscious Motivation
Individuals control their sexual and aggressive urges by placing them in the unconscious
These take on a life of their own, unconscious to the individual person
According to Freud the mind is made up of 3 parts: the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. The latter is the largest part of the mind and manifests itself in the dreams, “slips of the tongue”, irrational feelings, physical symptoms, or inexplicable anxiety.

6. Levels of Consciousness
Conscious - current awareness
Preconscious - not aware of material but it’s retrievable (via ordinary retrieval)
Unconscious - not aware of material but it’s not retrievable (via ordinary retrieval)

7. Levels of Consciousness

8. Personality and Psychoanalysis
Techniques for Revealing the Unconscious
Free Association
Dream Analysis
Recovered Memories
Free Association: Speaking whatever comes into your mind without censoring your thoughts. Psychoanalysts must be able to recognize the subtle signs that something important has just been mentioned.
Dream Analysis: Uncovering unconscious material in a dream by interpreting the content of a dream. Consists of manifest content (what the dream actually contains) and latent content (what the elements of the dream actually represent)
Projective Techniques: Uses the idea that what a person sees in an ambiguous figure reflects his or her personality.

9. The Structure of Personality
EGO
constrains the id to reality ID
Primitive instincts
Psychoanalytic theory concerns how people cope with their sexual and aggressive instincts within the constraints of a civilized society. One part of the mind creates urges, another has a sense of what civilized society expects, and another part of the mind tries to satisfy the urges within the bounds of reality and society. These parts of the mind are in constant interaction. They have different goals, provoking internal conflicts within an individual.
SUPEREGO
internalizes the values, morals, and ideals of society

10. Psychodynamics Conflict model Id vs. superego; Individual vs. society
Restrain expression of all drives
Surplus energy results in anxiety

11. Summary
What is really going on in all people is the struggle between life and death: survival
There are 3 main forces in the psyche that constantly interact to tame the other 2 motives
Psychoanalysis is a therapy used for making the patient's unconscious conscious and relieve the anxiety caused by the inner conflicts within each person

12. Evaluating Freud’s Contributions
Proponents argue it is the first and perhaps only comprehensive theory of human nature
Psychoanalysis has had a major impact on Western thought
Critics maintain it is not contemporary
The nature of evidence upon which it was built can be criticized
Emphasis on sexual drives is inappropriate