1. Teaching Students with Intellectual Disabilities

2. Defined Intellectual Disabilities:
Significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior.
Significantly sub-average intellectual functioning (

3. Adaptive Behavior as related to ID
Limitations in 2 or more adaptive skill behaviors:
Conceptual: language, reading, etc
Social Skills: responsibility, interpersonal, etc
Practical Skills: daily living ( eating, dressing, hygiene), meals, medications, transportation, housekeeping, etc.
Leisure and work, academics, health and safety

4. Etiology ~ 3 out of 100 people have ID
613,000 children (6-21, nationally have ID)
2008: 24,314 students (6-21 in Illinois)
2008: 381 (3-5 year olds in Illinois)
Genetic conditions
Abnormality of parental genes
Genetic disorders caused during pregnancy (infections, overexposure to x-rays, etc. )
Chromosomal anomolies – D.S. and Fragile X, Prader- Willi Syndrome

5. . Problems during pregnancy: FAS Maternal malnutrition
Illness – including HIV
Environmental contaminants

6. Diagnosing ID
IQ /intellectual functioning: Ability to learn, think, problem-solve
IQ average score = 100
People below = ID
87% of people with ID - only a little lower than average
13% score below 50 - SID
Ability to live independently (adaptive skills/functioning)

7. Characteristics of ID Delayed motor milestones Talk later
Trouble understanding social rules
Trouble seeing consequences of actions

8. Characteristics of ID
Great diversity in intelligence among people with ID
Cognitive behavior
Learn at slower rate
Achieve less in academics
Severe ID = more difficulties

9. Levels of Support
Intermittent: As needed Limited:Consistently needed Extensive: Daily involvement in some environments Pervasive: Highly involved support
p363

10. Conversion table (p. 375)

11. Motor Development & ID
How would a student with intellectual/cognitive disabilities’ motor development be impacted ?
Differences in motor skills related to severity of ID
Most delays related to cognitive
PE best environment for many to “fit in”

12. More severe levels of retardation = greater delay in achieving motor milestones
More severe ID delays -Postural reflexes

13. Social /Emotional Vary greatly Inappropriate responses
Difficulty understanding expectations

14. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
FASD – contemporary term
FAE (this term is considered dated)
Alcohol related birth defects (ARBD)
Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)
Permanent condition
Gallahue described how alcohol, etc. enter fetus’ bloodstream

15. Leading cause of birth defects in U.S.
40,000 infants/ year
$6 billion per year on FASD related problems
$1.4 million over a child’s lifetime

16. Full FASD = Cognitive and physical defects ARND = less severe (FAE)
ARND & ARBD = occur ~ 3 times as often as FAS.
Currently based on Mother
Researchers studying male’s role.

17. FAS : 100% preventable / leading known preventable causes of intellectual disability and birth defects
: Lifelong condition – physically and mentally disabling condition
Most children with FA related problems are not identified before they reach school age

18. Chromosomal Anomalies
60 types
~ 7 out of every 1000 births
Many anomalies result in miscarriages
Down Syndrome
Prader-Willi Syndrome

19. Down Syndrome & CI/ID
Most students with DS, have CI
Trisomy # 21
~ 1 in 800 births (2011)
Distinct physical characteristics
~80 differences in physical features between people with DS and without DS
~ 40% =heart disease

20. Most people with DS = lower motor functions
Great benefits from participation in physical activities programs
Obesity concerns
% of persons with DS = obese

21. Physical Characteristics
Height
Facial
Hypotonic
Hypermobility
Early Onset Alzeiheimer’s
Life expectancy – ~55 years, if healthy

22. Infants with DS – walk ~ 1 year later than infants w/o DS

23. Atlanto-axial subluxation – gradual and progressive
Physical symptoms
fatigue
neck pain
problems walking
Weakness in any extremity
Uncoordinated

24. Fragile X Syndrome Genetic inheritance – chromosomal disorder
Most common genetic disorder
First “discovered” in 1969
Affects 1 in 1,000 males and females
Estimate – 80-90% of people with fragile X not correctly diagnosed

25. Fragile X Symptoms ADD/ADHD Autistic-like behaviors
Cognitive impairments – range from LD to ID
ADD/ADHD
Autistic-like behaviors

26. Prader-Willi Syndrome
Spontaneous genetic error at or near time of conception( Unknown cause)
Does not affect parent, but affects child
Low muscle tone, short stature cognitive impairments, behavior, chronic hunger
Life threatening obesity
Behavioral issues – OCD, aggression, tantrums

27. Educational Strategies for students with Intellectual Disabilities
Task Analysis
Break skill down into smaller pieces
Demonstrate & have student demonstrate the skill back to you
Behavior Management
Consistency
Choice-making
Give immediate feedback
Peer partners

28. Modifications (Mild) Rules/strategies Place in less demanding position
Over teach and reinforces cognitive aspects of tasks
Help other students develop sensitivity
Slow down the speed of task – especially if non-competitive

29. Talking to GPE Students
Some kids may not be able to think the same way you do.
Sometimes they will be able to understand some of what you say, but not everything. They may act differently because they do not understand

30. Inclusion Suggestions
“You can help your classmate by getting them back on task”
“ You can make sure they are always included in a group.”
“ All people feel hurt when other kids don’t want them play with them. Doesn’t matter who you are”