1. What is Nursing?
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2. ROLES OF NURSES

3. Nurses Nursing Respond to needs of clients
Actively participate in policy
Respond and adapt to challenges
Make clinical judgments and decisions about client healthcare needs based on knowledge, experience, and standards of care
Nursing
Care provided according to standard of practice and a code of ethics

7. Florence Nightingale 1850s
First nurse epidemiologist
Organized first school of nursing
Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals

8. Time Marches on in Sensible White Shoes
1860 Clara Barton founds Am. Red Cross
1896 precursor to ANA founded
1893 Henry Street Settlement
1901 First University-affiliated nursing program
1911 ANA
1923 Yale school of Nursing
1953 First Associate Degree program
s nursing specialty organizations
1965 ANA defines nursing, clarifies roles

9. Virginia Henderson 1950s
Needs domains: physiological, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, developmental
14 basic needs of whole person
Goal is independence
“nursing is assisting the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities that will contribute to health, recovery or peaceful death that the individual would have performed unaided if he had the strength, will, or knowledge.”

10. Dorothy Orem 1970s Self-care deficit theory
Goal is to help client perform self care
Nursing becomes necessary when client is unable to fulfil biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs.

11. Madeleine Leininger 1970s-1990s
Cultural Care theory
Care is essence of nursing
Caring varies among cultures
Value and definition of health varies among cultures

12. Jean Watson 1970s-1980s Transpersonal Caring
Nursing’s purpose it to understand the interrelationship between health, illness, and human behavior
Nursing is concerned with promoting health and preventing illness
Know strengths and limitations of client and family

13. Nursing Today: societal influences
Health care reform
Demographic changes
Medically underserved
Threat of bioterrorism
Rising healthcare costs
Nursing shortage

14. Is nursing a job or a profession?
Requires an extended education
Requires a body of knowledge
Provides a specific service
Has autonomy
Incorporates a code of ethics

15. Nursing Education Professional Registered Nurse education
2 year associate degree
4 year baccalaureate degree
Graduate Education
Master’s degree, Advanced practice RN
Doctoral degrees
Continuing and in-service education
Keep current with up to date skills, knowledge, theory
CE required by most states

16. Standards of Nursing Practice ANA
Assessment
Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
This is the nursing process model and is the foundation for all critical thinking and clinical decision making

17. Standards of Professional Performance ANA
Quality of practice
Education
Professional practice evaluation
Collegiality
Ethics
Research
Resource utilization
Leadership
These reflect a competent level of behavior in a professional role.

18. Code of Ethics ANA Philosophical ideals of right or wrong
Incorporate your own ideas and values into practice
Compassion and respect for value of individuals
Primary commitment is to client
Owes the same duty to self as to others
Contributes to advancement of profession

19. Nurse Practice Acts Created and overseen by State Boards of Nursing
Regulate scope of practice to protect public safety, health, and welfare
Protects public from unsafe or fraudulent nurses
Change to reflect nurses’ growing roles

20. Autonomy in Nursing Essential element in professional nursing
Independent nursing interventions do not need medical orders
Collaborate to create best treatment plan
Autonomy= greater accountability and responsibility

21. Professional Roles and Responsibilities
Caregiver
Advocate
Educator
Communicator
Manager

22. Future trends in Nursing
Expansion of employment opportunities
Nursing’s public perception
Nurses’ impact on politics and health policy