1. Gilded Age
Urbanization Notes

2. Urbanization
The movement of people from farms and rural areas to the cities.
In % of the US population lived in the city.
By % of the US population lived in the city.

3. Causes of Urbanization
Industrial growth
Lots of jobs available
Immigration
New Class Evolves-The Middle Class-
Not poor, not rich, away from negatives of both
Appealed to everyone but hard to attain
Resources/Goods Prices Dropping
iii. Because everyone was farming and producing and when you produce more of a product, the price goes down.

4. The Cities Explode 1870-1890 New York 1,478,103 3,437,202
Chicago ,977 1,698,575
Philadelphia ,022 1,293,697
St Louis , ,238
Boston , ,892
San Francisco , ,782
New Orleans , ,104
Denver , ,859
Los Angeles , ,479
Memphis , ,320

5. Negatives of Urbanization
The poor population explodes
Forced people to live in tenements
Cities are not ready for the population
i. No running water
ii. No underground sewers
iii. Not enough money to pick up garbage
d. High disease rate
i. Typhoid, Cholera, Tuberculosis

6. Child Labor
Nearly 2 million children under the age of 15 were working in 1900
Average work wee: 59 hours
Children were typically paid half the wage of an adult

7. Why Child Labor? High poverty in the US Families needed the money
Kids would take the jobs nobody wanted
Education was for the wealthy
The jobs had to be done by somebody

8. Positives of Urbanization
Cities grew up (skyscrapers)
Parks created within cities
NY Central Park
Boston Commons
World’s Fair invented showing off architecture advances
Street cars (pulled by horses)
Cable cars (pulled by underground pulley)
Trolleys (powered by electric cables)
Subways (underground rail line)
NY East River Bridge, Brooklyn Bridge
Once cities and families become established, public education begins to change
Emphasis will be to build high schools (100s in ,000 by 1914)