1. Main Points:
Generally, the HIGHER the birth rate the less developed a country is!
Niger = (Birth Rate: 53 per 1000 people)
(GNP per capita: $220)
Generally, the LOWER the birth rate the more developed a country is!
Japan = (Birth Rate: 10 per 1000 people)
(GNP per capita : $39 640)

2. Main Points:
Death rate patterns reflect the same as Birth Rate, that is: Higher the death rate the less developed, while the lower the death rate the more developed.

3. Main Points:
The HIGHER the Rate of Natural Increase, the LOWER the level of economic development.
The LOWER the Rate of Natural Increase, the HIGHER the level of economic development.

4. Main Points: Global patterns in Rate of Natural Increase.
The Less-developed regions (Africa, Asia and Latin America) have the highest rate of Natural Increase.
The Most-developed regions of the world (Europe and North America) have the LOWEST rates of Natural Increase.

5. Factors Causing High Birth Rates
Lack of acceptability, availability and/or affordability of birth control
Low education levels/literacy levels
Low status of women
Women marrying at a young age
Peer pressure to have children
Society valuing large families.
Limited access to health care, especially for women.
High infant mortality rate

6. Factors Causing Low Birth Rates
Acceptability, availability and/or affordability of birth control
High education levels/literacy levels
High status of women
Women marrying at older ages
Socially acceptable for adults to NOT have children
Small families being the societal norm.
Good access to health care, especially for women.
Low infant mortality rate

7. China China has a LOW BIRH RATE for a number of reasons;
Pressure from fellow workers to have more than one child.
Birth control, including abortions is available and acceptable.
Reasonably high education levels
Women are accepted as equal or close to equal to men.
Women don’t get married until 22 (Average)
Social expectation is to have only one child.
Health care is available and quite good. Low infant mortality rate.

8. India India has a relatively HIGH Birth Rate
Birth control is not readily available
Low education levels (Bulsara is illiterate, children only receive a few years of schooling)
Women are not considered equal to men
Young average age of marriage (19)
Social expectation is to have many children (Bulsara has 4 children and is pregnant again)
Health care is not readily available (One doctor for five villages, she is intimidated by the doctor))
High infant mortality rate

9. Mali Has a Very High Birth Rate
Birth control is expensive (more permanent forms can cost as much as ½ years wages)
Birth control is not readily available (Family-planning clinic is 1 hour away, husband’s permission is required)
Education levels are very low (Females do not receive formal education)
Women are not considered as being equal to men (I.e polygamy is practiced, women don’t get an education)
A very average marrying age of 16 years old.
Socially acceptable and expected to have many children (9 children)
Health care is not readily available
High infant mortality rate (Tinga Sow had two children die in infancy)

10. Factors Causing High Death Rates
Limited access to health care
Low levels of education
High infant mortality rate
High prevalence of AIDS
High prevalence of natural disasters (i.e. earthquakes), and other environmental factors.
High level of substance abuse (i.e. alcoholism)
Harsh climate
Poor diet (i.e. lack of nutrients in diet, insufficient food)

11. Factors Causing Low Death Rates
Good access to health care
High levels of education
Low infant mortality rate
Low prevalence of AIDS
Low prevalence of natural disasters (i.e. earthquakes), and other environmental factors.
Low level of substance abuse (i.e. alcoholism)
Moderate climate
Good diet (i.e. lack of nutrients in diet, insufficient food)

12. Russia Russia has a relatively HIGH death rate.
Health care system falling apart. (higher infant mortality etc.)
Increasing rates of alcohol abuse and smoking
Northern regions have a cold and depressing climate
Due to lower wages etc,. More people eat poorly (especially men)
High levels of environmental contaminates such as toxic waste, pesticides, and radiation.

13. Absolute Population Growth
Current Population – Previous Population
Example:
Canada’s Population
1976
2007
APG = – =

14. Annual Growth Rate
Population Change ÷Original Population X 100 ÷ Number of years for change to occur
Example:
Canada’s Population
1976
2007
AGR = ÷ X 100 ÷ 31

15. Absolute Population Growth Annual Growth Rate
Calculate the:
Absolute Population Growth
Annual Growth Rate
Country “X”
Total Population
1983
Total Population 2007

16. World Population Growth Page 305, Figure 18.6
What year did the world’s population reach;
a) 1 billion? = 1800
b) 2 billion? = 1924
c) 4 billion? = 1974
d) 8 billion? = 2022

17. World Population Growth Page 305, Figure 18.6
Calculate the number of years it took for the world’s total population to double from;
a) 1 to 2 billion? 124 years
b) 2 to 3 billion? 36 years
c) 3 to 4 billion? 14 years
d) 4 to 5 billion? 13 years

18. World Population Growth Page 305, Figure 18.6
What pattern do you see in the time it took for the world’s population to increase by 1 billion people?
The amount of time it took for the world’s population to go up by each 1 billion has steadily decreased.

19. Why did the world’s population growth rate change starting in around 1900? Improvements in economic, social and medical conditions reduced the number of people who died each year.

20. How is the world’s population growth rate going to change in the future? Why?
Population growth will stabilize and eventually decline because of:
People having fewer children
Decrease in the number of people of child bearing age pollutants.
Decrease in people’s ability to reproduce.
Increase in deaths due to pollutants.

21. The Impact of High Populations on the Earth?
Who will have the greatest negative impact on earth, a baby born in a developing country or one born in a developed country?
Let’s see!

22. Baby #1 Born in Canada Baby #2 Born in Niger, Africa
Make a list of things the baby will buy up to it’s 20th birthday.
Make a list of things the baby will buy up to it’s 20th birthday

23. The Impact of Overpopulation Page 309, Figure 18.9
Choose one problem from each of the categories from Fig and state why overpopulation would contribute to each one.

24. Example: Food Shortages, Famine
A country has only a limited amount of agricultural land. If the population of a country grows too fast it will place a strain on the amount of food available in any given year, it may also lead to overuse of the soil. In both cases the result may be FAMINE!