1. C H A P T E R 7 The Electoral Process
SECTION 1 The Nominating Process
SECTION 2 Elections
SECTION 3 Money and Elections 1 2 3
Chapter 7

2. S E C T I O N 1 The Nominating Process
Why is the nominating process a critical first step in the election process?
What are self-announcement, the caucus, and the convention nominating methods?
Why is the direct primary the principal nominating method used in the United States today?
Why do some candidates use the petition as a nominating device? 2 3
Chapter 7, Section 1

3. Nomination: A Critical First Step
In the United States, the election process occurs in two steps:
1. Nomination, in which the field of candidates is narrowed
General election, the regularly scheduled election where voters make the final choice of officeholder...
General Election Ballot 2 3
Chapter 7, Section 1

4. Nominating and Electing a Candidate2 3
Chapter 7, Section 1

5. Three Ways to Nominate 2 3
Chapter 7, Section 1

6. The Caucus

7. Iowa

8. A Fourth way to nominate? Primaries
Close up on Primary Source p WWPS (Read Write Pair Share)

9. Types of Direct Primaries
The Direct Primary
Types of Direct Primaries
Closed Primary
Only declared party members can vote.
Open Primary
Any qualified voter can take part.
Blanket Primary
Qualified voters can vote for any candidate, regardless of party
Runoff Primary
If a required majority is not met, the two people with the most votes run again
Nonpartisan Primary
Candidates are not identified by party labels 2 3
Chapter 7, Section 1

10. Primaries Across the United States
Struck down
In 2000 2 3
Chapter 7, Section 1

11. Calendar and delegates

12. Delegates?? Delegates to the convention: 2,470*
Republicans
Delegates to the convention: 2,470*
Delegates needed to win the nomination (50%+1): 1,236*
How many delegates does each state get? …It depends

13. Delegates?? Republicans…
The Four Early States:
These are the four “carve out” states that the Republican National Committee has permitted to vote in February. Delegates will be split among the candidates.
Iowa Caucuses (30 delegates): February 1, 2016 — Delegates awarded proportionally, rounded to the nearest whole number.
New Hampshire Primary (23 delegates, 20 bound): February 9, 2016 — Delegates awarded proportionally statewide to candidates earning at least 10% of the vote.
South Carolina Primary (50 delegates): February 20, 2016 — Delegates awarded as “winner take all” statewide and by congressional district.
Nevada Caucuses (30 delegates): February 23, 2016 — Delegates awarded proportionally
SuperDuper Tuesday: March 1, 2016 (Delegates/Bound delegates) 565 bound delegates

14. Delegates at stake in Wisconsin
Delegates?? Democrats…
In 2016, the total number of democratic delegates is 4,764
Delegates at stake in Wisconsin

15. Question
Why might political parties prefer using a caucus as a nominating device?

16. And finally…The bane of minor parties…Petition
Candidates must gather a required number of voters’ signatures to get on the ballot by means of petition.
Minor party and independent candidates are usually required by State law to be nominated by petition.
Petition is often used at the local level to nominate for school posts and municipal offices. 2 3
Chapter 7, Section 1

17. And finally…The bane of minor parties…Petition
In Wisconsin, a special committee determines which candidates appear on the presidential preference primary ballot. A prospective candidate may also petition for placement on the primary ballot. An independent presidential candidate must petition to get on the general election ballot. Between 2,000 and 4,000 qualified voters must sign the petition. A write-in candidate must file a list of presidential electors and a declaration of candidacy in order to have his or her votes tallied. 2 3
Chapter 7, Section 1

18. So Far

19. For Thursday: Read Text pp. 177- 186 The Iowa Caucuses Explained
Describe how a caucus works.
What is the difference between the democratic and republican caucuses in Iowa?
Who can participate in the caususes?
Is Iowa a good predictor of who will win the nomination?
new-hampshire

20. The Administration of Elections
Elections are primarily regulated by State law, but there are some overreaching federal regulations.
Congress: time, place, and manner of congressional and presidential elections.
Congress has chosen the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of every even-numbered year for congressional elections, with the presidential election being held the same day every fourth year.
States determine the details of the election of thousands of State and local officials.
Most States provide for absentee voting, for voters who are unable to get to their regular polling places on election day. Some States allow early voting to increase voter participation. 1 3
Chapter 7, Section 2

21. Precincts and Polling Places
A precinct is a voting district.
Precincts are the smallest geographic units used to carry out elections.
A precinct election board supervises the voting process in each precinct.
Polling Places
A polling place is where the voters who live in a precinct go to vote.
It is located in or near each precinct. Polling places are supposed to be located conveniently for voters. 1 3
Chapter 7, Section 2

22. Office-Group and Party-Column Ballots
Wisconsin Sample Ballot 1 3
Chapter 7, Section 2

23. Campaign Spending 1 2
Chapter 7, Section 3

24. Campaign Spending 1 2
Chapter 7, Section 3

25. How Much Will it Cost to Become President In 2016?
Elections
Campaign Spending
How Much Will it Cost to Become President In 2016?
Most estimates show that the election in 2016 will cost at least $3 billion; many believe it will cost $5 billion; and some even put the number as high as $10 billion.
Read more: How Much Will it Cost to Become President In 2016? | Investopedia Follow us: Investopedia on Facebook 1 2
Chapter 7, Section 3

26. Campaign Spending 1 2
Chapter 7, Section 3

27. Campaign Finance? What are the concerns surrounding campaign finance?
Should there be restrictions on how candidates raise money for their campaigns?
Should there be restrictions on who can contribute to campaigns and limits on how much they can contribute?

28. Homework: Read 7.3 C-Span Deliberations
Campaign Finance Definitions for Tuesday
Money in Politics Activity completed by Thursday at the beginning of class

29. Hughes w/Disc. Questions:

30. Private and Public Sources of Campaign Money
Sources of Funding
Private and Public Sources of Campaign Money
Nonparty groups such as PACs
Small contributors
Temporary fund-raising organizations
Wealthy supporters
Candidates
Government subsidies 1 2
Chapter 7, Section 3

31. Regulating Campaign Financing
Early campaign regulations were created in 1907, but feebly enforced.
The Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) of 1971 was passed to replaced the former, ineffective legislation.
The FECA Amendments of 1974 were passed in response to the Watergate scandal.
Buckley v. Valeo invalidated some of the measures in the FECA Amendments of Most significantly, it also stipulated that several of the limits that the 1974 amendments placed on spending only apply to candidates who accept campaign money from the government, not those who raise money independently.
The FECA Amendments of 1976 were passed in response to Buckley v. Valeo.
McCain Feingold BCRA 1 2
Chapter 7, Section 3

32. The Federal Election Commission
The Federal Election Commission (FEC) enforces:
the timely disclosure of campaign finance information
limits on campaign contributions
limits on campaign expenditures
provisions for public funding of presidential campaigns 1 2
Chapter 7, Section 3

33. Loopholes in the Law 1 2 “More loophole than law…” —Lyndon Johnson
Soft money—money given to State and local party organizations for “party-building activities” that is filtered to presidential or congressional campaigns. $500 million was given to campaigns in this way in 2008.
Independent campaign spending—a person unrelated and unconnected to a candidate or party can spend as much money as they want to benefit or work against candidates.
Issue ads—take a stand on certain issues in order to criticize or support a certain candidate without actually mentioning that person’s name.
PACS and Super PACS - Is wealth buying elections/and influence??? 1 2
Chapter 7, Section 3

35. After Citizens United Hillary: The Movie
PAC Summary

36. 527 Ads

37. “Americans” for Prosperity

41. Campaign Finance Time to hatch a plan
Your group is responsible for writing new rules for campaign finance. You must address the following:
What restrictions, if any will be placed on how candidates raise funds for their campaigns?
What limits, if any will you place on the amount that individuals may donate to campaigns?
Will Soft money be limited?
Can corporations give to campaigns/PACS/etc?
Provide your rationale for your responses