1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Chapter 18

2. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI’s)- All STD’s start out as infections and once they cause a disruption of normal body function or structure than it is a disease (STD)

3. Diagnosis
The only way to know for sure if you have an STD is to get tested!!
STDs are diagnosed by samples of urine, fluid from a lesion, or material from a genital sore.
Bacterial infections can be cured with antibiotics
Take all antibiotics even if symptoms go away
Viral infections cannot be cured but can be managed with medications.

4. The Major STDS Seven STDs pose major health threats
Bacterial Infections
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Viral Infections
HIV/AIDS
Hepatitis
Herpes
HPV

5. Chlamydia Most prevalent bacterial STD in U.S. Symptoms
Females: Most women Asymptomatic
If symptomatic women have discharge, inflammation of cervix, vaginal bleeding, painful urination, painful intercourse, abdominal pain, nausea, fever
Males: slightly watery discharge from penis, pain around testes, painful urination
Symptoms appear in 7-21 days

6. Chlamydia

7. Gonorrhea Bacterial Infection Symptoms
Females: Most women are asymptomatic
If symptomatic = painful urination, pelvic pain, discharge
Males: Thick yellow-white discharge from penis, painful urination

8. Syphilis Bacterial Infection Symptoms –
Primary Syphilis - Painless sores (chancre) appear
Secondary Syphilis – skin rashes
Tertiary Syphilis- Damage to organs and nervous system, dementia, blindness; damage can be serious enough to cause death

10. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease PID
Bacterial Infection
Definition: Progressive infection that harms a women’s reproductive system.
Symptoms - long and painful periods, discharge, spotting, low abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, pain during intercourse.
Usually caused by untreated Chlamydia and/or Gonorrhea.

11. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Viral Infection
Attacks T helper cells thus reducing the strength of the IS. Infected individuals can die from opportunistic infections.
Early symptoms are flu like; later symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, confusion, night sweats, etc.

12. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Viral Infection
Attacks and causes Inflammation of the liver
Can lead to liver disease and death
Symptoms - Extreme fatigue, headache, fever, hives, nausea, vomiting, tenderness in abdomen
Preventable with vaccination

13. Herpes Viral Infection Comes in two forms:
HSV1 & 2 (Both cause herpes)
HSV1 causes cold sores & fever blisters
HSV2 causes genital herpes (lesions)
HSV-1 and 2 can cause miscarriages/still births & serious health issues in newborns
Herpes can increase your chances of becoming infected with HIV

14. Herpes

15. Human Papilloma Virus Viral Infection
Virus targets the cervix and vaginal area causing genital warts and cancers (depending on the strain)
Symptoms
Small bump on the skin or a large, warty growth or cauliflower-like mass

16. Genital Warts

17. Should the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine be Mandatory?
Discussion Questions
Do you agree with this proposed law?
How would you explain this vaccine to your 11- or 12-year-old daughter/son?
What are opponents of the vaccine concerned about? Do you agree or disagree?
Why do you suppose this vaccine is to be mandated and not left as a choice by parents?

18. Other STD’s Ectoparasitic Infections Scabies Pubic Lice (Crabs)
Parasitic insects
Found attached to hair in the pubic area (sometimes found on other coarse hair (eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, mustache, etc.)
Usually spread through sexual contact.
Feed on human blood
Scabies
Caused by an infestation of the skin by the human itch mite
Scabies mite deposits eggs beneath skin
Treated with topical creams

19. Women are hit hard by STDs
Male-to-female transmission is more likely to occur
Young women are more vulnerable because the cervix is more susceptible to injury and infection
Once infected women seem to suffer more consequences of STDs
Ex. gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause PID in women
In some parts of the world women are more stigmatized if they have an STD

20. What Can You Do to Protect Yourself
Education
Diagnosis and Treatment
Get vaccinated
Be alert for symptoms
Get tested
Inform your partners
Get Treated
Prevention
Use a barrier defense
Condoms are not as effective against herpes, syphilis, & genital warts
Know your potential partner.