1. Ch.12 Immunology Applications
Microbiology

2. 12.1 Immunization Passive Immunization Vaccination
Artificial-injection of antibodies
Natural-mother to baby
Vaccination
Introduction of weakened or dead antigens
Development of New Vaccines
WHO
Cancer
Vaccine Safety
Very low risk
No connection to Autism

3. 12.2 Diagnostic Immunology
Immunoassays for Disease
Lab techniques used to detect antibody production
Serology
Study of blood serum and other body fluids to identify antibodies
Agglutination Reactions
Assess the presence of antibodies
Neutralization reactions
Evaluate neutralizing antibodies

4. 12.2 Diagnostic Immunology
Complement Fixation
Test for specific antibody
Fluorescent Antibodies
Tagging, easier identification
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Spectrophotometer
Immunoblot
Chemicals in paper react to certain antibodies

5. 12.2 Diagnostic Immunology
In Vivo testing
Using animal models of disease to help discover new ways of solving complex health problems
Mice and rats most common
Future of Diagnostic Immunology
Technology-automation
Miniaturization
Amplified immunoassays
Flow cytometry
Biotechnology

6. 12.3 Preparations for Diagnosing Infection
Specimen collection
Blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, mucosal swabs, biopsy & necropsy
Immediate direct examination
Morphology
Cultivation
DNA analysis
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Nucleic acid sequencing (rRNA)

7. 12.4 Immunity Disorders: Hypersensitivity
Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions
Mast cells, hives, shock, epi pen
Diagnosis & treatment of allergy
Skin prick test
Type II (Cytotoxic) reactions
Attack own cells
Type III (Immune complex)
Clogging of vessels
Type IV (Delayed Cell-mediated
2-3 days to develop

8. 12.5 Autoimmune Diseases Genetics-75% women
Cytotoxic-does not recognize “self”
Lupus, T1 diabetes, RA
Immune Complex
Cell-mediated

9. 12.6 Immunodeficiencies Primary Part of immune system missing
Secondary
Acquired, AIDS
Immunotherapy for cancer
Use of the body’s own immune system to reject cancer