1. CHEMISTRY, MATTER, AND LIFE
Chapter 2

2. Objectives Describe atom structure
Define element
Describe atom structure
Differentiate between molecules and compounds
Explain importance of water
Define mixture and list 3 types and give examples
Differentiate between ionic and covalent bonds
Define electrolytes, buffer and radioactivity
Explain pH scale and what numbers mean
List 3 characteristics of organic compounds and name
3 main types
Define enzyme
Word Anatomy!!

3. Elements Atoms (subunits of elements) Protons Neutrons Electrons
What makes up
the universe!!
- Periodic table on pg. 563
Atoms (subunits of elements)
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

4. Molecules and compounds
- combinations of two or more atoms
* Ex: H20 (one atom oxygen and 2 atoms hydrogen)
Compounds
- substances composed of different elements

5. Water most abundant compound in the body!!
Universal solvent – important because essential materials transported in water
stable environment
essential for metabolism

6. mixtures
Solution – substance remains evenly distributed in solvent (homogeneous)
Suspension – material settles out of mixture on standing (heterogeneous)
Colloid – particles do not dissolve but remain suspended

7. Chemical bonds
Ionic
- formed by transfer of electrons from one atom to another
Ex: electrolytes
ions in body fluids
Covalent
- formed by sharing of electrons between atoms
Ex: water

8. Acids, bases and salts Definitions:
Acid – substance that can donate a hydrogen ion to another substance
Base – substance that can accept a hydrogen ion (substance that donates a hydroxide ion)
- any easy way to remember this is to consider only hydrogen

9. * above 7 is alkaline (basic)
* Measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution
* Scale goes from 0 – 14
* 7 is neutral
* below 7 is acidic
* above 7 is alkaline (basic)
Buffer – maintains constant pH of a solution

10. Radioactivity Some elements contribute energy to radioactivity.
Ex: xrays, cancer treatment,cancer

11. Cancer therapy In 2009 - Estimated deaths from cancer: 292,540 in men
269,800 in women

12. Chemistry of living matter
Organic compounds that ALL contain carbon.
These include:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Enzymes
Enzyme – organic catalyst; speeds the rate of
a reaction but is not changed in the reaction

13. Freebie…
Learn your pH now and continue to review….you will see it OVER AND OVER in the medical field.
You need to know this for all types of medical conditions and when you can recognize the symptoms BEFORE they progress, you will be able to communicate better with physicians and take better care of your patient.