1. SIE 515 Human Memory Continued
Lecture 4

2. Today’s Schedule Discussion of Interaction Styles
Long-term memory (LTM)
Declarative and implicit
Primary LTM activities:
Learning, access, and forgetting

3. Interaction Styles Theme: No one style works for all users or tasks.
Theme: No one style works for all users or tasks.
Remember the First Law of HCI
Interfaces: Clarity and Optimization
Avoid “neat but not necessary”
Simple is often the best interaction style

4. Long-term Memory (LTM)
Enduring storage of anything beyond perception that we can think about or act on
3 methods of information flow from WM to LTM
Rehearsal
Creating meaningful associations
Consolidation (unconscious)
Structure of LTM
LTM vs. computer’s hard drive 16

5. Two Types of LTM
Declarative long-term memory: what you consciously remember
Episodic: memories of specific events in time
Semantic: memories of concepts, facts, and knowledge
Implicit (procedural) LTM
Represents rule-based information and tasks
Automatic and unconscious
Emotional and motor long-term memories 17

6. LTM Storage Three Functions of LTM: storage, access, and decay
Learning = storage of information
Huge capacity (synaptogenesis)
Learning hypotheses:
Total time (Ebbinghaus)
Distribution of practice (Baddeley) 18

7. LTM Access Access = retrieval of information
Two factors determine ease of LTM retrieval:
Memory strength based on frequency and recency of use
Relation to HCI and interactive design
Techniques to improve these processes 20

8. “The engines roared above the noise of the crowd
“The engines roared above the noise of the crowd. Even in the blistering heat people rose to their feet and waved their hands in excitement. The flag fell and they were off. Within seconds the car had pulled away from the pack and was speeding round the bend at a break-neck pace. Its wheels momentarily left the ground as it cornered. Coming down the straight the sun glinted on its shimmering paint. The driver gripped the wheel with fierce concentration.” 21

9. 22

10. LTM Decay Decay = forgetting of information
Limited decay if information is highly learned
Is decay due to actual forgetting or a memory access problem?
Two theories of forgetting:
Decay (logarithmic): Jost’s Law
Interference: Masking (retroactive interference and proactive inhibition) 19

11. LTM Organizing Principles
Memory schemas and scripts
Top-down process based on generalized concepts
Mental Models:
Internal representation of dynamic system or states
Cognitive maps: internal representations of spatial information 23

12. For Next Class Assignment 4: Task 1: Read Dix Chapter 7
Task 2: Identify what you think are the most important design rules from the reading. Provide a good and bad example of when these are used in interactive design. For the bad example, describe how better use of design rules could improve the problem.
Post to blog by 11:59PM on 2/1/16 and be prepared to discuss in class. 24