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Rethinking Protected Areas Governance
Alexander Paterson Institute of Marine and Environmental Law University of Cape Town
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‘Governance’ exercise of authority form outcome good who bad how
‘the institutions, processes and traditions which determine how power is exercised, how decisions are taken and how citizens have their say’ exercise of authority ‘the sum of the many ways individuals and institutions, public and private, manage their common affairs’ form outcome good ‘the exercise of political, economic and administrative authority in the management of a country’s affairs at all levels’ who bad how ‘the traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised’ ‘governance is viewed as a sort of magic wand to address a wide variety of challenges’ ‘the action or manner of governing or being governed’
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Governance & Protected Areas
Dearden Borrini-Feyerabend + 2003 World Parks Congress ‘complex’ ‘nuanced’ ‘no one best way’ ‘governance a key to success’ NEED TO WCPA create a common language develop governance categories link to management categories
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IUCN Governance Guidelines
2008 Management Categories + understand Governance Categories AIM plan for accurately record
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Protected Areas Matrix
private persons not-for-profit orgs for-profit orgs indigenous peoples local community national sub-national govt-delegated transboundary co-management joint management
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Potential Confusion restricted view of governance
management confusing use of terminology ‘collaborative management’ ‘joint management’ ‘co-management’ governance by government private governance overlapping categories shared governance local community governance
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Illustrating the Potential Confusion
Kruger National Park Dwesa-Cwebe Nature Reserve
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Dwesa-Cwebe Nature Reserve
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Dwesa-Cwebe… established land claim agreement ownership management
1975 established 2001 land claim agreement community government ownership management trust prov govt trust 7 x CPA agreement lease contract land hotel planning access use management prov govt company enforcement
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Applying the PA Matrix indigenous peoples not-for-profit orgs
private persons not-for-profit orgs for-profit orgs indigenous peoples local community national sub-national govt-delegated transboundary co-management joint management
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Kruger National Park
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Kruger National Park 1926 established ownership management Govt
SANParks Private Private
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Kruger National Park Pafuri Area land claim
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Kruger National Park RSA 1926 1998 established ownership management
Govt SANParks Private Private 1998 community agreement government RSA ownership management CPA SANParks CPA agreement planning lease lease manage enforce SANParks CO’s profit
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Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Park
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Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Park
1926 Zimbabwe established ownership management ownership management Govt SANParks Govt Govt Private Private AGREEMENT 2002 1998 community agreement government RSA ownership management Govt CPA SANParks CPA Govt NGO agreement ownership management lease lease planning profit manage Mozambique enforce SANParks CO’s
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Applying the PA Matrix indigenous peoples not-for-profit orgs
private persons not-for-profit orgs for-profit orgs indigenous peoples local community national sub-national govt-delegated transboundary co-management joint management
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Actual Confusion restricted view of governance
confusing use of terminology overlapping categories
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Towards a New Approach tenure management who who how how single
multiple single multiple government government community community individual individual how how basis form basis form statute full title statute co-mgt custom partial title custom joint mgt contract contract transboundary mgt
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protected areas governance
The Potential Outcome good governance protected areas governance understanding planning recordal
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