1. Spain Builds an Empire 1

3. Portugal Takes the Lead
Henry the Navigator encourages improvements in cartography, navigation, and ship design
Bartholomeu Diaz rounds Cape of Good Hope (1488)
Vasco da Gama reaches India (1497)
Portuguese soon seize key outposts around Indian Ocean & create vast trading empire

4. Prince Henry, the Navigator
School for Navigation, 1419

6. Christofo Colon [ ]

7. Spain Enters the Race Competition for wealth in Europe
Columbus finally convinces Spain’s Ferdinand & Isabella to finance his attempt to reach Asia by sailing west.

8. The Pinta
The Nina
The Santa Maria 8

9. “Tierra, Tierra” October 12, 1492 the Pinta sees land.
He thought he reached the East Indies, instead he reached the Bahamas.
He greeted the indigenous as los indios
He named the island San Salvador (“holy savior”)
Despite making three more voyages to the Americas, Columbus goes to his grave convinced that he had reached Asia. 9

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11. 11

12. Gold? Columbus finds no gold on San Salvador
The Spanish monarchs are pleased
They finance 3 more trips
Intent: to colonize the islands
Colonies- lands that are controlled by another nation.
Transformed Caribbean into Spanish colonies and paved the way for American settlement 12

13. Columbus’ Four Voyages

14. Other Explorers Pedro Alvares Cabral- reaches Brazil 1500 (Portugal)
Amerigo Vespucci- an Italian sailing for Portugal traveled along South America was 1st to describe it as a “new world” 1501
In 1507 the continent is named__________.
Vasco Nunez de Balboa marches through Panama (1st to see Pacific Ocean)
Line Of Demarcation 14

15. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation

16. Ferdinand Magellan 16

17. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World:

18. The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs
vs.
Fernando Cortez
Montezuma II

19. Hernando Cortez Arrived in Mexico
Cortez and men known as conquistadors
Spanish are the 1st European settlers in America
The Spanish leave a HUGE impact on the Mexican culture
Conquered the Aztecs
Effect on the Natives: Disease

20. 20

21. Cortez and the Aztecs Tenochtitlan- capitol of the Aztec empire
Montezuma- ruler of the Aztec empire
Montezuma is convinced that Cortez is a god!
Agrees to give him a share of the empires gold.
Cortez is not happy and goes to war with the Aztecs conquering them in 1521 by:
Superior weaponry
Disease 21

23. Mexico Surrenders to Cortez

24. The Death of Montezuma II

25. The First Spanish Conquests: The Incans
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa

26. Spanish Conquests in Peru
1532 Francisco Pizarro marched in South America and conquered the Incan Empire.
Atahualpa- the Incan Ruler brought several thousand of his 30,000 men to meet Pizarro.
Pizarro ambushes Atahualpa and ransoms him.
Atahualpa fills a room with gold and silver.
Pizarro is not satisfied so he strangles Atahualpa and conquers Cuzco, the Inca capitol city in 1533. 26

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28. 28

29. Spain’s conquest Peninsular- a Spanish settler in the Americas
Mestizo-a mixed Spanish and Native American population.
Encomienda- a Spanish grant to American settlers, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers. 29

30. The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
Black Slaves

31. Relationships with the Natives
Large mestizo population
Forced Native Americans to work
Encomienda system
Encomienda system abolished
Christianity spreading
Spanish colonies pushing North
Need for labor
Where does it come from?

32. The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Guadalajara Cathedral
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Guadalajara Cathedral
Spanish Mission

33. Father Bartolome de Las Casas
New Laws  1542

34. Spain continues Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain in 1513.
Francisco Coronado led an expedition through AR, NM, TX, OK, KS.
Found little gold
Spain assigned mostly priests to explore and colonize the southwest.
There were many native revolts & the ecomienda system was abolished in 1542. 34

35. Voyages of Exploration

36. Atlantic Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

37. European Empires in the Americas