1. Spain in America Chapter 2 Lesson 2 Essential Question:
What are the consequences when culture interact?
LA , LA , LA , SS.8.A.2.1, SS.8.A.2.5, SS.8.G.1.2, SS.8.G.2.1, SS.8.G.6.2

2. Learning Goal
Students will be able to understand and evaluate the impact and importance of events, such as the defeat of the Aztec empire or the establishment of Spanish missions.

3. Conquistadors What are they? Hernán Cortés Francisco Pizarro
Spanish Explorers
Mainly in search of gold and to covert people to Christianity.
Hernán Cortés
Conquered Aztecs in Mexico
Got help from natives who did not like the harsh Aztecs
Francisco Pizarro
Conquered the Incas in South America (Peru)
Captured Atahualpa (Incan leader)
Later executed the leader
Incas could not fight without their leader
Why did they succeed???

4. Conquistadors Why did they succeed? Spanish had weapons
Guns, cannons
Spanish had horses and dogs
Help from the Native Americans
Viewed Spanish as gods
Diseases brought by Europeans
Natives had no immunity to these new germs the Europeans brought
Caused huge and devastating epidemics

5. Hernán Cortés Landed in 1519 looking for Aztec Gold
Aztec dominated the area
Cortés made alliances with those against Aztec
He would be able to conquer the Aztecs easier
Cortés took ruler of the Aztecs, Montezuma, prisoner
Within 2 years, Cortés conquers the Aztecs
Montezuma dies in fight

7. Francisco Pizarro
Explored the Pacific Coast of South America where he heard of wealthy Inca Empire
Captured Inca ruler Atahualpa and later executed him
In 1533, Pizarro controlled the area completely

9. Juan Ponce de Léon
First Spanish landing on the mainland of North America
Hoped to find gold but especially the “fountain of youth”.
His exploration led to founding of St. Augustine, first settlement in the present day United States.

10. Juan Ponce de Léon Claimed “La Florida” for Spain in 1513
Land full of wildflowers and plants
Was made governor of Florida and tried to create a settlement
Attacked by Natives and died after a battle

12. Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca & Pánfilo de Narváez
Searched for the Seven Cities of Cibola which were made of gold and emerald.
Both men were unsuccessful
Narváez landed in the Tampa Bay area in 1528
Run out of the area to Mexico by the Apalachee

13. Hernando de Soto Explored southeastern United States
Took advantage of Native Americans
Took over their town chiefs and demanded food and supplies
Crossed over the Mississippi River
It was “swift, and very deep”

15. Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
Searched for Cibola in present day Arizona and New Mexico
Never found the gold, so he returned to Mexico

16. Bartolomé de Las Casas Spanish priest
Wanted laws that protected Native Americans from harsh treatment by the Spanish
Conquistadors demanded taxes be paid by Native Americans who were very poor
Often they were turned into slaves to pay their debts
Many died from being overworked, starvation, or disease
In 1542, laws were passed that made it illegal for the Native Americans to become slaves

17. How Spain Ruled Pueblos (Towns that were centers for trade)
Missions (religious communities)
Presidios (forts)
Social Classes
Peninsulars- people born in Spain (top)
Creoles- born in the Americas to Spanish parents
Mestizos- mixes Spanish & Native American
Native Americans
Enslaved Africans (bottom)

18. France in Florida
Noticed the wealth of Spain in the Americas and wanted some of their own
Noticed Florida was a key location
Access to Atlantic and Gulf to capture Spanish ships filled with riches
1562- Jean Ribault claimed Florida for France in Jacksonville
Built stone monument as proof of ownership of Florida by France & established Fort Caroline
Spanish believed Florida belonged to them
Pedro Menéndez de Avilés became governor
Founded St. Augustine in 1565
First permanent settlement in what would be the US
Sent forces to kill everyone but women & children at Fort Caroline
Spain succeeded and the French gave up claims to Florida

19. Summary
Cortes and Pizarro, though their armies were much smaller then their opposing armies, managed to bring down two great civilizations in the New World.
Spain ruled in the Americas with harsh treatment towards the Native Americans.
They had little to
no rights, much
like the African
slaves. Encomiendas
encouraged this
Treatment.

20. Exit Card #3
List and describe some of the reasons for the Spanish to explore and colonize the American Southeast??

21. Exit Card #4
Describe reasons why you think Bartolome de Las Casa spoke out about how the Native Americans were being treating by the Spanish.