1. European Explorations By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer & Miss Raia
The Age of Early
European Explorations
& Conquests
By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer & Miss Raia

2. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Official European Colony!
Explorers
Conquistadores
Official European Colony!
Missionaries
Permanent Settlers

3. A Map of the Known World, pre- 1492

4. Motives for European Exploration
GOD GOLD & GLORY!
Crusades 
Renaissance 
Reformation 
New Monarchs 
Scientific Revolution 
Fame and fortune ?

5. New Maritime Technologies Better Maps [Portulan]
Hartman Astrolabe (1532)
Mariner’s Compass
Sextant

6. New Weapons Technology

7. Prince Henry the Navigator Why does Portugal Explore First?
The Explorers
Prince Henry the Navigator
School for Navigation, 1419
Why does Portugal Explore First?

8. Portuguese Maritime Empire
Exploring the west coast of Africa.
Prince Henry the Navigator
Bartolomeo Dias, 1487.
Vasco da Gama, 1498.
Calicut.
Admiral Alfonso de Albuquerque (Goa, 1510; Maluccas, 1511).

9. Spanish Explorers Christopher Columbus Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Ferdinand Magellan
What did they each explore or discover?

10. Christofo Colon [ ]

11. Columbus’ Four Voyages

12. Accompanied Columbus on his second voyage
artolome de Las Casas
Accompanied Columbus on his second voyage
Publicly criticized the ruthlessness with which Columbus and his people treated the Native Americans

13. Other Voyages of Exploration

14. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16c

15. Atlantic Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

16. Why were they successful?
The Age of Conquest
The Conquistadors:
God, Gold and Glory!
Hernando Cortes: Conquered Aztecs
Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas
Why were they successful?

17. The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs
vs.
Fernando Cortez
Montezuma II

18. The Death of Montezuma II

19. Mexico Surrenders to Cortez

20. The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa

21. The Old Imperialism The Spanish Empire
Conquered Aztec, Incan, and Mayan lands in central and South America
Had to Compete with Portugal resulting the in the Treaty of Tordesillas
Spanish set up the Encomienda System

22. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation

23. European Empires in the Americas

24. The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
Black Slaves

25. Treasures from the Americas!

26. Mercantilism Economic System of Imperialism
Goal: nations sought a self-sufficient economy
Strategy create a favorable balance of trade where one country exported far more than it imported
Colonies exist to benefit the mother country

27. Slaves Working in a Brazilian (Portuguese) Sugar Mill

28. Triangular Trade

29. The Slave Trade Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans.
Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans.
Sugar cane & sugar plantations.
First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518.
275,000 enslaved Africans exported to other countries.
Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

30. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Or Asiento

31. Slave Ship
“Middle Passage”

32. Why would the
'Columbian Exchange'
be considered the
tsunami of
unintentional
"bio-terrorism"??

33. The “Columbian Exchange”
Squash
Avocado
Peppers
Sweet Potatoes
Turkey
Pumpkin
Tobacco
Quinine
Cocoa
Pineapple
Cassava
POTATO
Peanut
TOMATO
Vanilla
MAIZE
Syphilis
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Olive
COFFEE BEAN
Banana
Rice
Onion
Turnip
Honeybee
Barley
Grape
Peach
SUGAR CANE
Oats
Citrus Fruits
Pear
Wheat
HORSE
Cattle
Sheep
Pigs
Smallpox
Flu
Typhus
Measles
Malaria
Diptheria
Whooping Cough
Slaves

34. The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Guadalajara Cathedral
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Guadalajara Cathedral
Spanish Mission

35. New Colonial Rivals
Why are there no colonies in Africa and Asia?

36. Impact of European Expansion
Native populations ravaged by disease.
Slavery in the New World
Creation of Empires, Golden age of Spain
Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate. [“Price Revolution”]
New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”].
Deepened rivalries between countries in Europe over their new world and Asian colonies