1. Eukaryotic Cells & Organelles

2. Eukaryotic Cells Divided Into Plant Cells & Animal Cells
Both of these have Organelles: structures that enable the cell to live, grow, and reproduce.

3. A Plant Cell Plant Cell Organelles Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Large Vacuole
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts & Other Plastids
Golgi Apparatus (Complex) 3

4. An Animal Cell Animal Cell Organelles: Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Small Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus (Complex)
Lysosomes 4

5. Organelles What’s holding it all together? Cell Wall
Found in plant and algae cells
Made of cellulose
Provides strength and support
Helps plants protect themselves from too much water entering or leaving the cell
Has a defined shape (Box-like)
Cells & Heredity P. 13, par. 2

6. Organelles What’s Holding It All Together? Cell Membrane
ALL cells are covered by a cell membrane.
Its job is to :
keep the cytoplasm in
allow waste out and nutrients in
interact with other cells.
Made of phospholipid bilayer.
Hydrophobic: hate water (tails)
Hydrophilic: loves water (heads)
Cells & Heredity p. 13 par. 3

7. How particles move The cell may take large particle
Into the cell (Endocytosis)
Phagocytosis: Cell eating
Pinocytosis: Cell drinking
Out of the cell through (Exocytosis)

8. Organelles Cell’s Information Station: Nucleus
Largest and most visible organelle in euK cell
Means “kernel” or “nut”
Stores DNA that has information for making proteins.
Cells & Heredity p. 14, par. 1

9. Nucleolus Makes Ribosomes Small, round structure located inside the
Nucleus
Cells & Heredity, p. 14, par. 3
Nuclear Membrane (Envelope)
Controls what is allowed to enter or leave the nucleus
Thin membrane that surrounds & takes the shape of
the nucleus.
Cells & Heredity, p. 14, par. 1

10. Nucleus, Nucleolus, Nuclear Membrane

11. Protein Factory Ribosomes: Cells & Heredity, p. 14, par. 3
Smallest, but most abundant organelle in the cell
Present in all cells
Do not have a membrane covering
Serve as the protein building location

12. Cytolpasm Present in all cells Thick, clear, jelly-like fluid
Carries, holds, cushions, & helps protect other
organelles inside a cell
Cells & Heredity, p. 15, par. 1

13. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Does not have ribosomes, appears as a smooth maze
Makes lipids for use in/out side the cell.
Break down drugs and other chemicals that could damage the cell
Internet resources
Biologyabout.com

14. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Has ribosomes, appears “bumpy”
Helps make membranes & other antibodies such as insulin
Located close to the nucleus
Internet resources (Biologyabout.com)

15. Cell’s Power Plant Mitochondria:
Breaks down food molecules into ATP for energy
Rod-Shaped, & Surrounded by two membranes: the inner membrane has folds where most of ATP is made
Need oxygen to work
Active cells like those in the liver and heart have thousands of them
Cells & Heredity, p. 15, par. 2

16. Cell’s Power Plant Chloroplasts: Found in plant and algae cells
Make food (sugar) from sunlight
Have flattened membrane covered sacs that look like coins that contain chlorophyll which makes chloroplast green
Chlorophyll traps sunlight to make sugar through photosynthesis
Cells & Heredity, p. 19, par. 1

17. Other Common Plastids
Chloroplasts: the most commonly known of the Plastids—Green in color
Chromoplasts: Allow storage of pigments that give plants colors other than green—red, orange, etc.
Leucoplasts: Store starches & lipids, give plants a white color

18. Endosymbiotic theory Where did they come from?
Scientist believe that mitochondria and chloroplast began as proK and were eaten by larger cells.
Evidence that supports this theory:
They are about the same size as bacteria
They are surrounded by two membranes

19. Cell’s Packaging Center
Golgi Complex:
Looks like flattened sacs & tubes, similar to the ER but closer to the cell membrane
Takes in proteins & other materials from the ER, packages them in vesicles, then sends them to other parts of the cell or to other cells
Final products are enclosed in Golgi membrane and then pinched off for transport in vesicles.
Cells & Heredity, p. 18, par. 1

20. Golgi Complex

21. Cell’s Storage Centers
EuK have membrane covered sacs called vesicles.
Form either when…
Part of membrane pinches of ER or Golgi Complex
Cell membrane engulf something from outside the cell.

22. Cell’s Storage Centers
Most plant cells have a large membrane covered chamber called a vacuole.
It is used to store water, food, or other material needed by the cell. Also holds waste until it can be removed by the cell.
Animal cells also have
smaller vacuoles that
serve the same purpose
cells & Heredity, p. 18,
par. 2

23. Waste Management Lysosome
Bump into vesicles and secrete enzyme to digest them.
Destroy damaged organelles and get rid of waste
Protects cell from foreign particles that enter the cell by destroying them
Sometimes lysosome membranes break and the enzymes kill the cell.
Tadpole-frog
Human webbed fingers.
Cells & Heredity, p. 19, par. 2