1. Cell Organelles © J Beauchemin 2006
Use this presentation in conjunction with the Cell Organelle note-taking worksheet. Run through the entire presentation before using it in class so that you know what’s coming next! It helps to print the outline and notes to have with you while presenting so that there are no surprises. –JessB.org
© J Beauchemin 2006

2. The 2 major categories of cells are
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Today we will compare the structures of these 2 cell types .

3. What do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?

4. All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have a cell membrane and cytoplasm.

5. Cell Membrane Found in all cells Protective covering of the cell
Made of a double layer of phospholipid molecules
Emphasize word parts here:
phospho= phosphate head; lipid= fatty acid tail
bi= 2

6. CYTOPLASM / CYTOSOL Gel-like fluid found within all cells
Consists mostly of water containing dissolved molecules
Most chemical rxns occur in the cell’s cytoplasm

7. Cytoskeleton Cell’s “skeleton”or framework
Gives the cell its shape and structure
Made of protein fibers called
filaments and microtubules
Actin, also found in muscle cells, mainly help maintain cell shape in their cytoskeletal role. Microtubules mostly move organelles around the cell. Intermediate filaments also provide structural support.

8. Cell Wall Surrounds plant , protist and bacterial , fungi cells
NOT animal cells
Rigid, protective barrier
Located outside of the cell membrane
Not part of the living cell
This is an actual microscopic image. Explain that the colors are added digitally to enhance the different parts.

9. Eukaryotic cells have specialized structures called organelles
What makes prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?
Eukaryotic cells have specialized structures called organelles

10. Cell Organelles Organelle = “little organ”
Each has a unique shape and function
You may or may not wish to distinguish between cytosol and cytoplasm. The correct use of each term is shown here. Most high school textbooks, however, use the word “cytoplasm” to mean “cytosol.”

11. Organelles work together as a system to keep the cell alive and do its special job

12. Types of Organelles

13. Nucleus Only found in eukaryotic cells Control center of the cell
Contains DNA molecules coiled into a chromosome
Surrounded by the nuclear membrane which has small openings called pores
Cells with more than one nucleus include muscle cells and liver cells, largely because of the massive volume of cytoplasm and number of organelles that need controlling.

14. Nucleolus
Inside the nucleus
“Ribosome factory”

15. Ribosome Site where proteins are made
Either attached to ER and floating in cytoplasm
Made in the nucleolus
A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids. In this diagram, you can see the ribosome is making a polypeptide, also known as a protein.

16. Endoplasmic Reticulum
A.k.a. “ER”
Connects nucleus to cell membrane
“Hallways” of the cell
It’s not necessary that the students can read the labels here; just point out the black dots are ribosomes.

17. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER:
Has ribosomes;
Makes proteins
Smooth ER:
NO ribosomes;
Makes lipids
It’s not necessary that the students can read the labels here; just point out the black dots are ribosomes.

18. Golgi Apparatus Looks like a stack of pancakes
Adds finishing touches on newly made molecules
Packages molecules into vesicles for transport
AKA Golgi Complex. It is not necessary that the students read the labels, this diagram gives them a general idea of the Golgi’s shape.

19. VESICLES “Shipping packages”
Sacs that carry molecules within and outside cells

20. Types of Vesicles Secretory- release cell products
Exretory – release wastes
Secretory- release cell products

21. Lysosomes Garbage disposal of the cell
Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes/old cell parts
“Suicide Sacs” for cellular self-destruction
Students should recognize the shapes of the Golgi and ER even if they cannot read the captions.

22. Mitochondria Cell’s “Power plant”
Site of Cellular respiration - releases energy from food molecules
Explain that this diagram shows the mitochondria cut open to reveal the internal membranes.

23. Chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis trapping sunlight E into chemical E stored in food molecules
Found in plant cells
Contains green chlorophyll molecule
Bound by a double membrane
Chloroplasts absorb light, which is the catalyst for photosynthesis.

24. Mitochondria and Chloroplast
Both :
Are Surrounded by a double membrane
Has its own DNA

25. What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?
Vacuoles
Storage tanks for water, food, enzymes, wastes
Plant cells have large central vacuole to store water
Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells
The image is 2D, so it must have been a light microscope or TEM. If the cell is very tiny, then a TEM was used. Otherwise, a strong light microscope could have captured this image.
What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?

26. Where else have we talked about microtubules?
Centrioles
Active in cell division
Found only in animal cells
Made of microtubules
Microtubules are also part of the cytoskeleton.
Where else have we talked about microtubules?

27. Structures for Cell Movement
Cilia
Flagella
Short microtubules
Usually many on outside of cell membrane
2 Purposes (functions):
- Move liquid past cell
- Move the whole cell
Ex. Ciliated epithelium cells in
lungs
Protist movement
Long whiplike microtubules
One or few on outside of cell membrane
Purpose:
- Move the whole cell
Ex. Sperm have flagella for movement

28. Microtubules for Movement
Cilia
Flagella

29. Paramecium
Do the WAAVVEE…………!