1. KIGALI AMENDMENT TO THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
BY: SALAHUDIN SIDIK
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, MALAYSIA
SEMINAR ON REFRIGERANTS PHASE OUT: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN MALAYSIA
14 JUNE 2017
DORSETT HOTEL, PUTRAJAYA

2. BACKGROUND OF KIGALI AMENDMENT
UNDER NEGOTIATION BY PARTIES SINCE 2009
REACHED AGREEMENT AT THE 28th MEETING OF THE PARTIES TO THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL, 14 OCTOBER 2016, KIGALI, RWANDA
PHASE DOWN OF the production and consumption of HYDROFLUOROCARBON (HFCs) - GREENHOUSE GASES WHICH HAVE HIGH OR VERY HIGH GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL (GWP) RANGING FROM 12 TO 14,800

3. OVERVIEW OF KIGALI AMENDMENT
The main features of the amendment are the following:
The Kigali Amendment will enter into force on 1 January 2019, provided that it is ratified by at least 20 Parties to the Montreal Protocol (or 90 days after ratification by the 20th Party, whichever is later).
There are two groups of Article 5 Parties with different baseline years and phase-down schedules
There is an exemption for high ambient temperature (HAT) countries
Some non-Article 5 Parties have different baseline calculations and different initial phase-down steps from the main group of non- Article 5 Parties

4. OVERVIEW OF KIGALI AMENDMENT
A new Annex F has been added to the Protocol. This lists the HFCs, separated into two groups:
•Annex F, Group I: all HFCs (except HFC-23, and Hydrofluoroolefins - HFOs)
•Annex F, Group II: HFC-23.
Global warming potential values have been added to the Protocol text for HFCs, and selected HCFCs and CFCs.

5. KIGALI AMENDMENT : ANNEX F 100-year Global Warming Potential
Group
Substance
100-year Global Warming Potential
Group I
CHF2CHF2
HFC-134
1,100
CH2FCF3
HFC-134a
1,430
CH2FCHF2
HFC-143
353
CHF2CH2CF3
HFC-245fa
1,030
CF3CH2CF2CH3
HFC-365mfc
794
CF3CHFCF3
HFC-227ea
3,220
CH2FCF2CF3
HFC-236cb
1,340
CHF2CHFCF3
HFC-236ea
1,370
CF3CH2CF3
HFC-236fa
9,810
CH2FCF2CHF2
HFC-245ca
693
CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3
HFC-43-10mee
1,640
CH2F2
HFC-32
675
CHF2CF3
HFC-125
3,500
CH3CF3
HFC-143a
4,470
CH3F
HFC-41 92
CH2FCH2F
HFC-152 53
CH3CHF2
HFC-152a
124
CH3CH2F
HFC-161 12
Group II
[CHF3
HFC-23
14,800]

6. OVERVIEW OF KIGALI AMENDMENT
Production, consumption, imports, exports and emissions as well as consumption baselines of HFCs shall be expressed in carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents.
Baselines are to be calculated from both HFC and HCFC production/consumption.
Import and export licensing systems for HFCs must be in place by 1 January 2019 or 3 months after the Amendment is ratified by 20 countries
Trade with Parties that have not ratified the Amendment (“non-Parties”) will be banned from 1 January 2033 or when the Article 4 of the Protocol (control of trade with non-Parties) has been ratified by 70 countries (whichever is later)
The Executive Committee is requested develop, within two years, guidelines for financing the phase-down of HFCs.

7. KIGALI AMENDMENT TO THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL

8. KIGALI AMENDMENT PHASE DOWN SCHEDULE FOR A5 COUNTRIES

9. KIGALI AMENDMENT PHASE DOWN SCHEDULE FOR NON- A5 COUNTRIES

10. Malaysia is in Group1 Freeze on 1st January 2024 Baseline for freeze:
KIGALI AMENDMENT FOR A5 COUNTRIES : MALAYSIA
Malaysia is in Group1
Freeze on 1st January 2024
Baseline for freeze:
Average import of HFC in 2020, 2021 and 2022 +
65% of baseline HCFC (import in )
Reduction schedule
Year
Reduction
2029
10%
2035
30%
2040
50%
2045
80%

11. TERIMA KASIH
Thank you